Dhakaiya Urdu

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Dhakaiya Urdu
Sobbasi Language, Khosbasi Language, Nawab Family Language
RegionOld Dhaka
EthnicityDhakaiyas
Era16th century-present
Language codes
ISO 639-3–
IETFur-u-sd-bd13
Hakim Habibur Rahman was one of the leading Urdu writers in Dhaka.
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Dhakaiya Urdu, sometimes unofficially referred to as Sobbasi Language or Khosbasi Language, is a distinct Bengalinized dialect of

forced upon the people of erstwhile East Bengal.[1] However, at present, with the patronage and sole efforts of the cultural and social activists of the Dhakaiya Urdu language group, Dhakaiya Urdu is slowly blossoming and expanding again.Today, Dhakaiya Urdu is one of the two dialects of Urdu spoken in Bangladesh; the other one being the Urdu spoken by the Biharis and Stranded Pakistanis in Bangladesh
.

Features

The dialect differs from

Eastern Bengali, which the dialect's source of origin is geographically surrounded by. The intonations, aspirations and tone of the language is also shifted closer to Eastern Bengali than Hindustani phonology. It is described to be a fairly simpler language than Standard Urdu.[1]

English Standard Urdu Dhakaiya Urdu Eastern Bengali (Vangiya)
this ye (یہ) ei e (এ)
he vo (وہ) uh o (ও)
too/also bhī (بھی) bī -o (-ও)
very bahot (بہت) bahot (بہت),/ k͟hūb

(খুব)(خوب)|| khub (খুব)

for what? kis liye (کس لئے) kā(h)e-ke liye

(কায়কে লিয়ে)(کاہے کے لئے)|| kisher laiga (কিসের লাইগা)

help madad (مدد) madad (مدد)/sāhāijo

(সাহাইয্য)(ساہائجو)|| shahayjjo (সাহায্য) / môdod (মদদ)

understand samajhnā (سمجھنا) samajhnā (سمجھنا) /būjhnā

(বুঝনা)(بُوجھنا)|| bujha (বুঝা)

use istamāl/istemāl (استعمال) istemāl (استعمال) /byabahār

(ব্যবহার)(بیَبَہار)|| bêbohar (ব্যবহার)

my/mine merā (میرا) merā (میرا)/ hāmrā

(হামরা)(ھمرا )|| amar (আমার)

Writing system

Dhakaiya Urdu currently does not have a standardised writing system as it traditionally formed the

Bengali script and also in Urdu [Nastaliq ] script by organisations "Dhakaiya Movement", "Dhakaiya Urdu Zaban" [Dhakaiya Urdu Language] ; "Dhakaiya Urdu Learning Centre" and "History of Urdu in Dhaka" aiming to preserve it.[note 1][2][3]

History

The city of

panchayets, used to converse in this language.[5] Their Urdu language also influenced the dialect of the Bengali Muslims in Old Dhaka city which came to be known as the Dhakaiya Kutti[6] and vice versa. However, Abdul Momin Chowdhury denied the contribution of Urdu as the source of this language. Because the language was not born yet.[7]

The late 18th-century in Dhaka hosted the migration of Mirza Jan Tapish and other Urdu poets from

Persian and Arabic literature, compiling them into his Thulatha Ghusala.[8]

Shortly after the

Bengali Language Movement of 1952, Urdu culture decreased significantly with many Urdu-speaking families switching to speaking Bengali to avoid controversy. During the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971, a number of Urdu-speaking families subsequently migrated to Pakistan. As a result, the use of Urdu has become very limited to a few families and a community south of the Dhaka railway line. Furthermore, the new nation of Bangladesh deemed their newly founded nation on Bengali
culture, which would later alienate the other ethnolinguistic communities of the country.

Often described as a wealthy and closed-off community, speakers of the dialect honour the Dhakaiya Urdu poets of the past in privacy within their mushairas. Other modern examples of usage include the University of Dhaka's dwindling Urdu department as well as the Urdu sermons and Islamic lectures given in Dhaka.[9][1]

Due to

Hindi words have entered the language today.[7]

Nazir Uddin, a Bangladeshi Canadian health & safety professional, and Muhammad Shahabuddin Sabu, an associate professor of zoology at Savar Government College, released a Bengali-Dhakaiya Sobbasi bilingual dictionary published by Taqiya Muhammad Publications in 2021. Further Dhakaiya Urdu Jaban editorial board published another dictionary "Bangla to Dhakaiya Urdu" on February 2024.[10] as updated version of the previous one. In another development Social, Language and Cultural activists of Old Dhaka natives Nazir Uddin, Rafiqul Islam Rafique and Khawja Javed Hasan edited "Dhakaiya Urdu to Bangla" dictionary published by "International Mother Language Institution", Government of Bangladesh..

Poets

These Dhakaiya poets wrote in Standard Urdu:

Media

The language flourished in the media during the 20th century cinema.

Bangladeshi film Jibon Niye Jua which released in 1975 after the Independence of Bangladesh
.

See also

  1. Dhakaiya Kutti
  2. Bengali Language Movement
  3. "Dhakaiya Urdu Jaban and "Dhakaiya Movement" Channels both were created by Nazir Uddin
  4. "Dhakaiya Urdu Learning Center"
  5. "History of Urdu in Dhaka"
  6. An AI-based online TV channel " Dhakaiya Urdu Vision" has been launched under the leadership of Nazir Uddin and with the close cooperation of some young volunteers and Social & Cultural activists among the natives of Old Dhaka. Fatema Islam, Faisal Ahmed, Fahad Ahmed and Hossain Emma are notable among the activists. The main language media is "Dhakaiya Urdu" which aims to preserve and promote this language.
  7. Social, Cultural and Language Activists of Dhakaiya Urdu Language
    1. Nazir Uddin Dhakaiya Founder of DUJG
    2. Khawja Javed Hasan President of DUJG
    3. Rafiqul Islam Rafique; Author & Researcher of DUJG
  8. Advocates of Dhakaiya Urdu Language

Notes

  1. ^ Dhakaiya Sobbasi Jaban and Dhakaiya Movement, among others, consistently write this dialect of Urdu using the Bengali script.
  2. ^ Suhrawardy was from Midnapore but later moved to Dhaka and contributed to Urdu literature there

References

  1. ^ a b c Huda, Sarah Elma (16 March 2019). "Between two languages: Examining my identity as a Bangladeshi". The Daily Star (Bangladesh).
  2. ^ Muhammad Shahabuddin Sabu; Nazir Uddin, eds. (2021). বাংলা-ঢাকাইয়া সোব্বাসী ডিক্সেনারি (বাংলা – ঢাকাইয়া সোব্বাসী অভিধান) (in Bengali). Bangla Bazar, Dhaka: Takiya Mohammad Publications.
  3. ^ বাংলা-ঢাকাইয়া সোব্বাসী অভিধানের মোড়ক উন্মোচন [Unveiling of 'Bangla-Dhakaiya Sobbasi' Dictionary]. Samakal (in Bengali). 17 January 2021. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 14 February 2021.
  4. ^ ঢাকাইয়া কুট্টি ভাষার অভিধান-মোশাররফ হোসেন ভূঞা-প্রকাশনা: ঐতিহ্য-রুমী মার্কেট ৬৮-৬৯ প্যারীদাস রোড-বাংলাবাজার ঢাকা ১১০০
  5. OL 30677644M
    . Retrieved 4 June 2024.
  6. ^ Prof. Dr. Hafiza Khatun (17 January 2017). Dhakaiyas and Gentrification in Old Dhaka (PDF). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. p. 4. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 May 2020. Retrieved 2 March 2020.
  7. ^ a b Shahabuddin, Mohammad (24 October 2021). ঢাকাইয়া সোব্বাসি ও তাদের ভাষা [Dhakaiya Sobbasi and their language]. Prothom Alo (in Bengali). Retrieved 28 September 2022.
  8. ^ "Urdu in Bangladesh". Dawn. 11 September 2002.
  9. ^ Gilbert, Paul Robert (September 2015). "Re-branding Bangladesh: The Other Asian Tiger". Money mines: an ethnography of frontiers, capital and extractive industries in London and Bangladesh (Thesis). University of Sussex.
  10. ^ https://www.rokomari.com/book/389536/bangla-dhakaiya-urdu-ovidhan

Further reading

"Dhaka fifty years ago" (Dhaka Pachas Baras Pahele) - Hakim Habibur Rahman, translator - Dr. Mohammad Rezaul Karim:

"Dhaka Fifty Years Ago" Translator Hashem Sufi

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