Kamala Harris
Kamala Harris | |
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49th Vice President of the United States | |
Assumed office January 20, 2021 | |
President | Joe Biden |
Preceded by | Mike Pence |
United States Senator from California | |
In office January 3, 2017 – January 18, 2021 | |
Preceded by | Barbara Boxer |
Succeeded by | Alex Padilla |
32nd Attorney General of California | |
In office January 3, 2011 – January 3, 2017 | |
Governor | Jerry Brown |
Preceded by | Jerry Brown |
Succeeded by | Xavier Becerra |
27th District Attorney of San Francisco | |
In office January 8, 2004 – January 3, 2011 | |
Preceded by | Terence Hallinan |
Succeeded by | George Gascón |
Personal details | |
Born | Kamala Devi Harris[a] October 20, 1964 Oakland, California, U.S. |
Political party | Democratic |
Spouse | |
Parents | |
Relatives | Family of Kamala Harris |
Residence | Number One Observatory Circle |
Education |
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Occupation |
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Signature | |
Website | |
Kamala Devi Harris
Born in
Harris sought the 2020 Democratic presidential nomination, but withdrew from the race prior to the primaries. She was selected by Joe Biden to be his running mate, and their ticket went on to defeat the then incumbent president and vice president, Donald Trump and Mike Pence, in the 2020 election. Harris and Biden were inaugurated on January 20, 2021.
Early life and education
Kamala Devi Harris was born in
In 1966, the Harris family moved to
Kamala Harris, along with her mother and sister, moved back to California in 1970, while her father remained in the Midwest.[25][26][23] They stayed briefly on Milvia Street in central Berkeley, then at a duplex on Bancroft Way in West Berkeley, an area often called the "flatlands"[27] with a significant black population.[28] When Harris began kindergarten, she was bused as part of Berkeley's comprehensive desegregation program to Thousand Oaks Elementary School, a public school in a more prosperous neighborhood in northern Berkeley[27] which previously had been 95 percent white, and after the desegregation plan went into effect became 40 percent black.[28] Her parents divorced when she was seven. Harris has said that when she and her sister visited their father in Palo Alto on weekends, other children in the neighborhood were not allowed to play with them because they were black.[29]
A neighbor regularly took the Harris girls to an
When she was twelve, Harris and her sister moved with their mother to Montreal, Quebec, where Shyamala had accepted a research and teaching position at the McGill University-affiliated Jewish General Hospital.[35][36]
Harris attended a French-speaking primary school,
After high school, in 1982, Harris attended
Harris then returned to California to attend law school at the
Early career (1990–2004)
In 1990, Harris was hired as a deputy
In February 1998, San Francisco district attorney Terence Hallinan recruited Harris as an assistant district attorney.[52] There, she became the chief of the Career Criminal Division, supervising five other attorneys, where she prosecuted homicide, burglary, robbery, and sexual assault cases – particularly three-strikes cases. In 2000, Harris reportedly clashed with Hallinan's assistant, Darrell Salomon,[53] over Proposition 21, which granted prosecutors the option of trying juvenile defendants in Superior Court rather than juvenile courts.[54] Harris campaigned against the measure, which passed. Salomon opposed directing media inquiries about Prop 21 to Harris and reassigned her, a de facto demotion. Harris filed a complaint against Salomon and quit.[55]
In August 2000, Harris took a job at San Francisco City Hall, working for city attorney Louise Renne.[56] Harris ran the Family and Children's Services Division representing child abuse and neglect cases. Renne endorsed Harris during her D.A. campaign.[57]
District Attorney of San Francisco (2004–2011)
In 2002, Harris prepared to run for
In the runoff, Harris pledged never to seek the death penalty and to prosecute three-strike offenders only in cases of violent felonies.[61] Harris ran a "forceful" campaign, assisted by former mayor Willie Brown, Senator Dianne Feinstein, writer and cartoonist Aaron McGruder, and comedians Eddie Griffin and Chris Rock.[62][63] Harris differentiated herself from Hallinan by attacking his performance.[64] She argued that she left his office because it was technologically inept, emphasizing his 52-percent conviction rate for serious crimes despite an 83-percent average conviction rate statewide.[65] Harris charged that his office was not doing enough to stem the city's gun violence, particularly in poor neighborhoods like Bayview and the Tenderloin, and attacked his willingness to accept plea bargains in cases of domestic violence.[66][67] Harris won with 56 percent of the vote, becoming the first person of color elected as district attorney of San Francisco.[68]
Harris ran unopposed for a second term in November 2007.[69]
Public safety
Non-violent crimes
In the summer of 2005, Harris created an environmental crimes unit.[70]
In 2007, Harris and city attorney
Under Harris, the D.A.'s office obtained more than 1,900 convictions for
Violent crimes
In the early 2000s, the
Harris also pushed for higher bail for criminal defendants involved in gun-related crimes, arguing that historically low bail encouraged outsiders to commit crimes in San Francisco. SFPD officers credited Harris with tightening the loopholes defendants had used in the past.[79] In addition to creating a gun crime unit, Harris opposed releasing defendants on their own recognizance if they were arrested on gun crimes, sought minimum 90-day sentences for possession of concealed or loaded weapons, and charged all assault weapons possession cases as felonies, adding that she would seek prison terms for criminals who possessed or used assault weapons and would seek maximum penalties on gun-related crimes.[80]
Harris created a Hate Crimes Unit, focusing on
In August 2007, state assemblyman Mark Leno introduced legislation to ban gun shows at the Cow Palace, joined by Harris, police chief Heather Fong, and mayor Gavin Newsom. City leaders contended the shows were directly contributing to the proliferation of illegal guns and spiking homicide rates in San Francisco. (Earlier that month Newsom had signed into law local legislation banning gun shows on city and county property.) Leno alleged that merchants drove through the public housing developments nearby and illegally sold weapons to residents.[85] While the bill would stall, local opposition to the shows continued until the Cow Palace Board of Directors in 2019 voted to approve a statement banning all future gun shows.[86]
Reform efforts
Death penalty
Harris has said life imprisonment without parole is a better and more cost-effective punishment than the
During her campaign, Harris pledged never to seek the death penalty.[61] After a
Recidivism and re-entry initiative
In 2004, Harris recruited civil rights activist
Over six years, the 200 people graduated from the program had a
Truancy initiative
In 2006, as part of an initiative to reduce the city's skyrocketing homicide rate, Harris led a city-wide effort to combat truancy for at-risk elementary school youth in San Francisco.[102] Declaring chronic truancy a matter of public safety and pointing out that the majority of prison inmates and homicide victims are dropouts or habitual truants, Harris's office met with thousands of parents at high-risk schools and sent out letters warning all families of the legal consequences of truancy at the beginning of the fall semester, adding she would prosecute the parents of chronically truant elementary students; penalties included a $2,500 fine and up to a year in jail.[103] The program was controversial when introduced.
In 2008, Harris issued citations against six parents whose children missed at least fifty days of school, the first time San Francisco prosecuted adults for student truancy. San Francisco's school chief, Carlos Garcia, said the path from truancy to prosecution was lengthy, and that the school district usually spends months encouraging parents through phone calls, reminder letters, private meetings, hearings before the School Attendance Review Board, and offers of help from city agencies and social services; two of the six parents entered no plea but said they would work with the D.A.'s office and social service agencies to create "parental responsibility plans" to help them start sending their children to school regularly.[104] By April 2009, 1,330 elementary school students were habitual or chronic truants, down 23 percent from 1,730 in 2008, and down from 2,517 in 2007 and from 2,856 in 2006.[105] Harris's office prosecuted seven parents in three years, with none jailed.[105]
Attorney General of California (2011–2017)
Elections
2010
Nearly two years before the 2010 election, Harris announced she planned to run.[106] She also stated she would run only if then-Attorney General Jerry Brown did not seek re-election for that position.[107] Brown instead chose to run for governor and Harris consolidated support from prominent California Democrats.[108] Both of California's senators, Dianne Feinstein and Barbara Boxer, House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, United Farm Workers cofounder Dolores Huerta, and mayor of Los Angeles Antonio Villaraigosa all endorsed her during the Democratic primary.[108] In the June 8, 2010, primary, she was nominated with 33.6 percent of the vote, defeating Alberto Torrico and Chris Kelly.[109]
In the general election, she faced Republican
2014
Harris announced her intention to run for re-election in February 2014 and filed paperwork to run on February 12.[116] The Sacramento Bee,[117] Los Angeles Daily News,[118] and Los Angeles Times endorsed her for re-election.[119]
On November 4, 2014, Harris was re-elected against Republican Ronald Gold, winning 57.5 percent of the vote to 42.5 percent.[120]
Consumer protection
Fraud, waste, and abuse
In 2011, Harris announced the creation of the Mortgage Fraud Strike Force in the wake of the 2010 United States foreclosure crisis.[121] That same year, Harris obtained two of the largest recoveries in the history of California's False Claims Act – $241 million from Quest Diagnostics and then $323 million from the SCAN healthcare network – over excess state Medi-Cal and federal Medicare payments.[122][123]
In 2012, Harris leveraged California's economic clout to obtain better terms in the
Harris worked with
From 2013 to 2015, Harris pursued financial recoveries for California's public employee and teacher's pensions,
In 2013, Harris declined to authorize a civil complaint drafted by state investigators who accused OneWest Bank, owned by an investment group headed by future U.S. treasury secretary Steven Mnuchin (then a private citizen), of "widespread violation" of California foreclosure laws.[136] During the 2016 elections, Harris was the only Democratic Senate candidate to receive a donation from Mnuchin. Harris was criticized for accepting the donation because Mnuchin purportedly profited from the subprime mortgage crisis through OneWest Bank;[137] she later voted against his confirmation as treasury secretary in February 2017. In 2019, Harris's campaign stated that the decision not to pursue prosecution hinged on the state's inability to subpoena OneWest. Her spokesman said, "There was no question OneWest conducted predatory lending, and Senator Harris believes they should be punished. Unfortunately, the law was squarely on their side and they were shielded from state subpoenas because they're a federal bank."[138]
In 2014, Harris settled charges she had brought against rent-to-own retailer Aaron's on allegations of incorrect late charges, overcharging customers who paid off their contracts before the due date, and privacy violations. In the settlement, the retailer refunded $28.4 million to California customers and paid $3.4 million in civil penalties.[139]
In 2015, Harris obtained a $1.2 billion judgment against for-profit post-secondary education company
In 2015, Harris opened an investigation of the Office of Ratepayer Advocates, San Diego Gas and Electric, and Southern California Edison regarding the closure of San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station. California state investigators searched the home of California utility regulator Michael Peevey and found handwritten notes that allegedly showed he had met with an Edison executive in Poland, where the two had negotiated the terms of the San Onofre settlement, leaving San Diego taxpayers with a $3.3 billion bill to pay for the closure of the plant. The investigation was closed amidst Harris's 2016 run for the U.S. Senate position.[143][144]
Privacy rights
In February 2012, Harris announced an agreement with
In 2015, Harris secured two settlements with Comcast, one totaling $33 million over allegations that it posted online the names, phone numbers and addresses of tens of thousands of customers who had paid for unlisted voice over internet protocol (VOIP) phone service and another $26 million settlement to resolve allegations that it discarded paper records without first omitting or redacting private customer information.[148] Harris also settled with Houzz over allegations that the company recorded phone calls without notifying customers or employees. Houzz was forced to pay $175,000, destroy the recorded calls, and hire a chief privacy officer, the first time such a provision has been included in a settlement with the California Department of Justice.[149]
Criminal justice reform
Launch of Division of Recidivism Reduction and Re-Entry
In November 2013, Harris launched the
Wrongful convictions and prison overcrowding
Harris's record on
In September 2014, Harris's office argued unsuccessfully in a court filing against the early release of prisoners, citing the need for inmate firefighting labor. When the memo provoked headlines, Harris spoke out against it, saying she was unaware that her office had produced the memo.[154] Since the 1940s, qualified California inmates have the option of volunteering to receive comprehensive training from the Cal Fire in exchange for sentence reductions and more comfortable prison accommodations; prison firefighters receive about $2 a day, and another $1 when battling fires.[155]
LGBT rights
Prop 8 opposition
In 2008, California voters passed
After being elected, Harris declared her office would not defend the marriage ban, leaving the task to Prop 8's proponents.[157] In February 2013, Harris filed an amicus curiae brief, arguing Prop 8 was unconstitutional and that the initiative's sponsors did not have legal standing to represent California's interests by defending the law in federal court.[158] In June 2013, the Supreme Court ruled, 5–4, that Prop 8's proponents lacked standing to defend it in federal court.[159] The next day Harris delivered a speech in downtown Los Angeles urging the Ninth Circuit to lift the stay banning same-sex marriages as soon as possible.[160] The stay was lifted two days later.[161]
Gay and trans panic defense ban
In 2014, Attorney General Kamala Harris co-sponsored legislation to ban the gay and trans panic defense in court,[162] which passed and California became the first state with such legislation.[163]
Michelle-Lael B. Norsworthy v. Jeffrey Beard et al.
In February 2014, Michelle-Lael Norsworthy, a
Public safety
Anti-truancy efforts
In 2011, Harris urged criminal penalties for parents of truant children as she did as District Attorney of San Francisco, allowing the court to defer judgment if the parent agreed to a mediation period to get their child back in school. Critics charged that local prosecutors implementing her directives were overzealous in their enforcement and Harris's policy adversely affected families.[174] In 2013, Harris issued a report titled "In School + On Track", which found that more than 250,000 elementary school students in the state were "chronically absent" and the statewide truancy rate for elementary students in the 2012–2013 school year was nearly thirty percent, at a cost of nearly $1.4 billion to school districts, since funding is based on attendance rates.[175]
Environmental protection
Harris prioritized environmental protection as attorney general, first securing a $44 million settlement to resolve all damages and costs associated with the
From 2015 to 2016, Harris secured multiple multi-million-dollar settlements with fuel service companies
Law enforcement
California's
In 2015, Harris conducted a 90-day review of
Later that year, Harris appealed a judge's order to take over the prosecution of a
In 2016, Harris announced a patterns and practices investigation into purported civil rights violations and use of
Planned Parenthood
In 2016, Harris's office seized videos and other information from the apartment of an antiabortion activist who had made secret recordings and then accused Planned Parenthood doctors of illegally selling fetal tissue. Harris had announced that her office would investigate the activist in the summer of 2015. She was facing increasing criticism for not taking public action by the time Planned Parenthood filed a lawsuit against the activist.[193][194]
Sex crimes
In 2011, Harris obtained a guilty plea and a four-year prison sentence from a
In 2016, Harris announced the arrest of
Transnational criminal organizations
During her term as attorney general, Harris's office oversaw major investigations and prosecutions targeting transnational criminal organizations for their involvement in violent crime, fraud schemes, drug trafficking, and smuggling. Significant arrests and seizures (of weapons, drugs, cash, and other assets) under Harris targeted the Tijuana Cartel (2011),[206] the Nuestra Familia, Norteños, and the Vagos Motorcycle Club (2011),[207][208][209] the Norteños (2015),[210][211] the Crips (2015),[212] the Mexican Mafia (2016),[213] and businesses in the Los Angeles Fashion District accused of operating a major money-laundering hub for Mexican narcotics traffickers (2014).[214]
In summer 2012, Harris signed an accord with the
In early 2014, Harris issued a report titled, "Gangs Beyond Borders: California and the Fight Against Transnational Crime",
U.S. Senate (2017–2021)
Election
After more than 20 years as a U.S. Senator from California, Senator Barbara Boxer announced in January 2015 that she would not run for reelection in 2016.[223] Harris announced her candidacy for the Senate seat the following week.[223] Harris was a top contender from the beginning of her campaign.[224]
The 2016 California Senate election used California's new top-two primary format where the top two candidates in the primary would advance to the general election regardless of party.[224] In February 2016, Harris won 78% of the California Democratic Party vote at the party convention, allowing Harris's campaign to receive financial support from the party.[225] Three months later, Governor Jerry Brown endorsed her.[226] In the June 7 primary, Harris came in first with 40% of the vote and won with pluralities in most counties.[227] Harris faced representative and fellow Democrat Loretta Sanchez in the general election.[228] It was the first time a Republican did not appear in a general election for the Senate since California began directly electing senators in 1914.[229]
On July 19, President
Tenure and political positions
2017
On January 28, after Trump signed Executive Order 13769, barring citizens from several Muslim-majority countries from entering the U.S. for ninety days, she condemned the order and was one of many to describe it as a "Muslim ban".[234] She called White House Chief of Staff John F. Kelly at home to gather information and push back against the executive order.[235]
In February, Harris spoke in opposition to Trump's cabinet picks
In April, Harris voted against the confirmation of
In June, Harris garnered media attention for her questioning of
In December, Harris called for the resignation of Senator Al Franken, asserting on Twitter, "Sexual harassment and misconduct should not be allowed by anyone and should not occur anywhere."[245]
2018
In January, Harris was appointed to the
In May, Harris heatedly questioned Secretary Nielsen about the Trump administration family separation policy, under which children were separated from their families when the parents were taken into custody for illegally entering the U.S.[249] In June, after visiting one of the detention facilities near the border in San Diego,[250] Harris became the first senator to demand Nielsen's resignation.[251]
In the September and October Brett Kavanaugh Supreme Court confirmation hearings, Harris questioned Brett Kavanaugh about a meeting he may have had regarding the Mueller Investigation with a member of Kasowitz Benson Torres, the law firm founded by the President's personal attorney Marc Kasowitz. Kavanaugh was unable to answer and repeatedly deflected.[253] Harris also participated in questioning the FBI director's limited scope of the investigation on Kavanaugh regarding allegations of sexual assault.[254] She voted against his confirmation.
Harris was a target of the October 2018 United States mail bombing attempts.[255]
In December, the Senate passed the Justice for Victims of Lynching Act (S. 3178), sponsored by Harris.[256] The bill, which died in the House, would have made lynching a federal hate crime.[257]
2019
In March 2019, after Special Counsel
On May 1, 2019, Barr testified before the
On May 5, 2019, Harris said "voter suppression" prevented Democrats Stacey Abrams and Andrew Gillum from winning the 2018 gubernatorial elections in Georgia and Florida; Abrams lost by 55,000 votes and Gillum lost by 32,000 votes. According to election law expert Richard L. Hasen, "I have seen no good evidence that the suppressive effects of strict voting and registration laws affected the outcome of the governor's races in Georgia and Florida."[267]
In July, Harris teamed with
In November, Harris called for an investigation into the death of Roxsana Hernández, a transgender woman and immigrant who died in ICE custody.[269][270]
In December, Harris led a group of Democratic senators and civil rights organizations in demanding the removal of White House senior adviser
2020
Before the opening of the impeachment trial of Donald Trump on January 16, 2020, Harris delivered remarks on the floor of the Senate, stating her views on the integrity of the American justice system and the principle that nobody, including an incumbent president, is above the law. Harris later asked Senate Judiciary chairman Lindsey Graham to halt all judicial nominations during the impeachment trial, to which Graham acquiesced.[272][273] Harris voted to convict the president on charges of abuse of power and obstruction of Congress.[274]
Harris has worked on bipartisan bills with Republican co-sponsors, including a bail reform bill with Senator Rand Paul,[275] an election security bill with Senator James Lankford,[276] and a workplace harassment bill with Senator Lisa Murkowski.[277]
2021
Following her election as
Committee assignments
While in the Senate, Harris was a member of the following committees:[280]
- Committee on the Budget
- Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs
- Subcommittee on Federal Spending Oversight and Emergency Management
- Subcommittee on Regulatory Affairs and Federal Management
- Select Committee on Intelligence
- Committee on the Judiciary[281]
- Subcommittee on the Constitution
- Subcommittee on Oversight, Agency Action, Federal Rights and Federal Courts
- Subcommittee on Privacy, Technology and the Law
Caucus memberships
- Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus[282]
- Congressional Black Caucus[283]
- Congressional Caucus for Women's Issues
2020 presidential election (2019–2020)
Presidential campaign
Harris had been considered a top contender and potential frontrunner for the
During the first Democratic
Prior to and during her presidential campaign an online informal organization using the hashtag #KHive formed to support her candidacy and defend her from racist and sexist attacks.[299][300][301][302] According to the Daily Dot, Joy Reid first used the term in an August 2017 tweet saying "@DrJasonJohnson @ZerlinaMaxwell and I had a meeting and decided it's called the K-Hive."[303]
On December 3, 2019, Harris withdrew from seeking the 2020 Democratic nomination, citing a shortage of funds.[304] In March 2020, Harris endorsed Joe Biden for president.[305]
Vice presidential campaign
In May 2019, senior members of the
On April 17, 2020, Harris responded to media speculation and said she "would be honored" to be Biden's running mate.[309] In late May, in relation to the murder of George Floyd and ensuing protests and demonstrations, Biden faced renewed calls to select a black woman to be his running mate, highlighting the law enforcement credentials of Harris and Val Demings.[310]
On June 12, The New York Times reported that Harris was emerging as the frontrunner to be Biden's running mate, as she was the only African American woman with the political experience typical of vice presidents.[311] On June 26, CNN reported that more than a dozen people close to the Biden search process considered Harris one of Biden's top four contenders, along with Elizabeth Warren, Val Demings, and Keisha Lance Bottoms.[312]
On August 11, 2020, Biden announced that he had chosen Harris. She was the first African American, the first
Harris became the vice president–elect following the Biden-Harris ticket's victory in the 2020 United States presidential election.[315] After the major networks called the election for Biden/Harris, Harris was recorded calling Biden, saying, "We did it! We did it, Joe. You're going to be the next President of the United States." The quote became one of the top 10 tweets of 2020.[316]
Vice presidency (2021–present)
Following the election of Joe Biden as U.S. president in the 2020 election, Harris assumed office as vice president of the United States on January 20, 2021.
Harris resigned her Senate seat on January 18, 2021, two days before
Upon taking office on January 20, 2021, the 117th Congress's Senate was divided 50–50 between Republicans and Democrats;[322] this meant that Harris had to be frequently called upon to exercise her power to cast tie-breaking votes as president of the Senate. Harris cast her first two tie-breaking votes on February 5, 2021. In February and March, Harris's tie-breaking votes were crucial in passing the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 stimulus package proposed by Biden, since no Republicans in the Senate voted for the package.[323][324] On July 20, 2021, Harris broke Mike Pence's record for tie-breaking votes in the first year of a vice presidency[325] when she cast the seventh tie-breaking vote in her first six months[326] and cast 13 tie-breaking votes during her first year in office, the most tie-breaking votes in a single year in U.S. history, surpassing John Adams who cast 12 votes in 1790.[326][327] On December 5, 2023, Harris broke the record for the most tie-breaking votes cast by a vice president casting her 32nd vote, exceeding John C. Calhoun, who cast 31 votes during his nearly eight years as vice president, in less than half the time.[328][329]
In April 2021, Harris indicated that she was the last person in the room before Biden decided to remove all U.S. troops from Afghanistan and commented that the president has "an extraordinary amount of courage" and "make(s) decisions based on what he truly believes ... is the right thing to do."[330] National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan said that Biden "insists she be in every core decision-making meeting. She weighs in during those meetings, often providing unique perspectives."[331]
On March 24, 2021, Biden tasked Harris with reducing the number of unaccompanied minors and adult asylum seekers. She is also tasked with leading the negotiations with Mexico, Honduras, Guatemala and El Salvador.[332] Harris conducted her first international trip as vice president in June 2021, visiting Guatemala and Mexico in an attempt to address the root causes of an increase in migration from Central America to the United States.[333] During her visit, in a joint press conference with Guatemalan president Alejandro Giammattei, Harris issued an appeal to potential migrants, stating "I want to be clear to folks in the region who are thinking about making that dangerous trek to the United States-Mexico border: Do not come. Do not come."[334] Her work in Central America led to creation of task forces on corruption and human trafficking; a women's empowerment program, and an investment fund for housing and businesses.[331]
Harris met with French president Emmanuel Macron in November 2021 to strengthen ties after the cancellation of a submarine program.[335]
During her time in office, Harris has had one of the lowest approval ratings of any vice president in recorded history.[c][336][337][338]
On November 19, 2021, Harris served as
In May 2021, Harris became the first female commencement speaker at the United States Naval Academy.[342] In May 2023, Harris became the first woman to give a commencement address for West Point.[343]
Harris's term in office has seen high staff turnovers that included the departures of her chief of staff, deputy chief of staff, press secretary, deputy press secretary, communications director, and chief speechwriter. An anonymous source said that they resigned because they and other staffers "often feel mistreated" by senior staffers.
Awards and honors
In 2005, the National Black Prosecutors Association awarded Harris the Thurgood Marshall Award. That year, she was included in a Newsweek report profiling "20 of America's Most Powerful Women".[348] A 2008 New York Times article also identified her as a woman with potential to become president of the United States, highlighting her reputation as a "tough fighter".[349]
In 2013, 2020, and 2021, Time included Harris on the Time 100, Time's annual list of the 100 most influential people in the world.[350][351][352] In 2016, the 20/20 Bipartisan Justice Center awarded Harris the Bipartisan Justice Award along with Senator Tim Scott.[353] Biden and Harris were jointly named Time Person of the Year for 2020.[354]
Harris was selected for the inaugural 2021 Forbes 50 Over 50; made up of entrepreneurs, leaders, scientists and creators who are over the age of 50.[355]
Location | Date | School | Degree | Gave commencement address |
---|---|---|---|---|
California | May 15, 2015 | University of Southern California | No | |
District of Columbia | May 13, 2017 | Howard University | Doctor of Humane Letters (DHL)[358][359] | Yes[360] |
Personal life
In the 1990s, Harris dated
Harris met her future husband, attorney Doug Emhoff, through a mutual friend who set up Harris and Emhoff on a blind date in 2013.[362] Emhoff was an entertainment lawyer who became partner-in-charge at Venable LLP's Los Angeles office.[362][363] Harris and Emhoff were married on August 22, 2014, in Santa Barbara, California.[364] Harris is a stepmother to Emhoff's two children, Cole and Ella, from his previous marriage to the film producer Kerstin Emhoff.[365] As of August 2019, Harris and her husband had an estimated net worth of $5.8 million.[366]
Harris is a
Harris's sister, Maya, is a lawyer and MSNBC political analyst; her brother-in-law, Tony West, is general counsel of Uber and a former United States Department of Justice senior official.[373] Her niece, Meena, is the founder of the Phenomenal Women Action Campaign and former head of strategy and leadership at Uber.[374]
Publications
Harris has written two non-fiction books and one children's book.
- Harris, Kamala; O'C Hamilton, Joan (2009). ISBN 978-0-8118-6528-9.
- Harris, Kamala (2019). ISBN 978-1-984837-49-3.
- Harris, Kamala (2019). ISBN 978-1-984886-22-4.
See also
- Black women in American politics
- List of African-American United States Cabinet members
- List of African-American United States senators
- List of female state attorneys general in the United States
- List of female United States Cabinet members
- List of female United States presidential and vice presidential candidates
- List of United States politicians of Indian descent
- List of United States senators from California
- Women in the United States Senate
Notes
- ^ a b She was originally named Kamala Iyer Harris by her parents, who two weeks later filled an affidavit by which her middle name was changed to Devi.[1]
- ^ Harris has said she struggled with understanding her French immersion, so her mother sent her to an English-speaking school for high school. This would no longer have been possible the next year, when Quebec passed a law requiring all immigrants who did not previously have English schooling in Quebec to enroll their children in French-speaking schools.[39]
- ^ For a first-term vice president, Harris' approval rating is the worst in the recorded history of many pollsters, such as NBC News. Overall, however, she has not broken the record across multiple credible pollsters, that record being Dick Cheney's 30% at the end of his second term.
References
- ^ Debolt, David (August 18, 2020). "Here's Kamala Harris' birth certificate. Scholars say there's no VP eligibility debate". The Mercury News. San Jose, California. Archived from the original on February 17, 2021. Retrieved November 27, 2021.
- ^ Thomas, Ken (February 15, 2013). "You Say 'Ka-MILLA;' I Say 'KUH-ma-la.' Both Are Wrong". The Wall Street Journal. p. 1. Archived from the original on October 6, 2020. Retrieved September 21, 2020.
- ^ Woodsome, Kate. "You don't need to like Kamala Harris. But you should say her name properly". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on October 27, 2021. Retrieved January 22, 2021 – via YouTube.
- ^ Kalita, S. Mitra (August 12, 2020). "Kamala Harris' Indian roots and why they matter". CNN. Archived from the original on November 20, 2021. Retrieved February 27, 2020.
- ^ Sudeep, Theres (November 21, 2020). "Indian-origin politicians around the world". Deccan Herald. Archived from the original on November 22, 2020. Retrieved February 27, 2020.
- ^ "Kamala D. Harris: US Senator from California". United States Senate. Archived from the original on October 14, 2020. Retrieved July 29, 2020.
In 2017, Kamala D. Harris was sworn in as a United States senator for California, the second African-American woman, and first South Asian-American senator in history.
- ^ Weinberg, Tessa; Palaniappan, Sruthi (December 3, 2019). "Kamala Harris: Everything you need to know about the 2020 presidential candidate". ABC News. Archived from the original on April 19, 2021. Retrieved August 10, 2020.
Harris is the daughter of an Indian mother and Jamaican father, and is the second African-American woman and first South Asian-American senator in history.
- ^ "Kamala Harris Advocated For Stricter Gun Laws As A Candidate. What About As Joe Biden's VP?". WUNC. August 12, 2020. Archived from the original on March 22, 2024. Retrieved March 22, 2024.
- ^ "Here's Where Kamala Harris Stands on Gun Control". Harper's BAZAAR. January 20, 2021. Archived from the original on March 22, 2024. Retrieved March 22, 2024.
- ^ Viser, Matt (January 21, 2019). "Kamala Harris enters 2020 Presidential Race". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on February 25, 2020. Retrieved January 22, 2019.
- ^ Kim, Catherin; Stanton, Zack (August 11, 2020). "55 Things You Need to Know About Kamala Harris". Politico. Archived from the original on August 22, 2020. Retrieved August 23, 2020.
- ^ United States Congress. "Kamala Harris (id: H001075)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved May 20, 2020.
- ^ "In Memoriam: Dr. Shyamala G. Harris". Breast Cancer Action. June 21, 2009. Archived from the original on January 23, 2019. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
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External links
Official
- Biography at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
- Financial information (federal office) at the Federal Election Commission
- Legislation sponsored at the Library of Congress
Other
- Appearances on C-SPAN
- Kamala Harris at IMDb
- Kamala Harris at On the Issues
- Kamala Harris at PolitiFact
- Kamala Harris at Ballotpedia