Republic Day
This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. (January 2011) |
Republic Day is the name of a holiday in several countries to commemorate the day when they became republics.
List
- Legend
- Ceased to be republicTransition during or following World War I (1914–1923)Transition during or following World War II (1939–1950)Transition in pre or post world war era
Country | Date of transition |
Remarks |
---|---|---|
Netherlands | 26 July 1581 | The King Philip II of Spain on 26 July 1581 with the Act of Abjuration, and became the Batavian Republic in 1795. The Kingdom of Holland was formed on 5 June 1806.
|
Switzerland | 24 October 1648 | Treaty of Westphalia
|
England | 19 May 1649 | The monarchy was restored on 29 May 1660.
|
United States | 4 July 1776 | Went de facto independent from Great Britain with adoption of the United States Declaration of Independence |
Paraguay | 15 May 1811 | Independence from Spain[dubious – discuss] |
Argentina | 9 July 1816 | Independence won from the Spanish Empire. Republican governments established from 1811 onwards. Republican constitutions of 1819 and 1826 led to the adoption of the 1853 text |
Chile | 12 February 1818 | Independence declared from the Spanish Empire. Between 1810 and 1814 there were Republican governments although nominally remained loyal to the Spanish monarchy. In 1817 there was re-established the independentist government and established a republican system in different constitutional texts. |
Venezuela | 15 August 1819 | Venezuelan constitution of 1819 adopted |
Colombia | 17 December 1819 | Republic of Colombia declared during Congress of Angostura |
Panama | ||
Ecuador | 24 May 1822 | Incorporated into Republic of Royal Audiencia of Quito
|
Costa Rica | 1 July 1823 | Independence of United Provinces of Central America
|
El Salvador | ||
Guatemala | ||
Honduras | ||
Nicaragua | ||
Peru | 9 December 1824 | Treaty signed after Battle of Ayacucho |
Bolivia | 6 August 1825 | Constitutional congress declared Bolivia a republic |
Uruguay | 4 October 1828 | Ratification of Treaty of Montevideo
|
Liberia | 26 July 1847 | Independent Republic of Liberia created |
Haiti | 15 January 1859 | Abdication of Emperor Faustin
|
Dominican Republic | 25 March 1865 | Adoption of new constitution near end of Dominican Restoration War |
Mexico | 15 July 1867 | Emperor Maxmilian executed; Federal Republic officially restored |
France | 4 September 1870 | Emperor Napoleon III deposed and French Third Republic proclaimed as a result of the Franco-Prussian War
|
Algeria | Republican government instituted when French mother country became a republic | |
Ivory Coast | ||
Mauritania | ||
Senegal | ||
Brazil | 15 November 1889 | Emperor Pedro II deposed and Brazilian Republic proclaimed by Marshall Deodoro da Fonseca |
Hawaii | 4 July 1894 | Queen Liliʻuokalani deposed and republic proclaimed following a provisional government |
Madagascar | 28 February 1897 | End of Merina Kingdom |
Philippines | 23 January 1899 | First Philippine Republic.[a] |
Cuba | 11 April 1899 | Official end of Spanish–American War |
Portugal | 5 October 1910 | King Portuguese First Republic proclaimed as a result of the 1910 revolution
|
Angola | Republican government instituted when Portuguese mother country became a republic | |
Cape Verde | ||
East Timor | ||
Guinea-Bissau | ||
Mozambique | ||
São Tomé and Príncipe | ||
China | 10 October 1911 | Xinhai Revolution. The ROC was initially in control of mainland China but later relocated to Taiwan. It is now commonly known as "Taiwan". . It is commonly known as "China".
The People's Republic of China was proclaimed on 1 October 1949 and is now in control of mainland China |
Comoros | 1912 | End of last of indigenous sultanates |
Armenia | 14 September 1917 | Emperor Nicholas II of Russia abdicated as a result of the February Revolution and Russia was proclaimed a republic
|
Belarus | ||
Estonia | ||
Georgia | ||
Kazakhstan | ||
Kyrgyzstan | ||
Latvia | ||
Russia | ||
Ukraine | ||
Czech Republic | 18 October 1918 | Czechoslovak Republic proclaimed |
Slovakia | ||
Lithuania | 2 November 1918 | King Mindaugas II deposed and Republic of Lithuania proclaimed
|
Germany | 9 November 1918 | Emperor German Revolution
|
Austria | 12 November 1918 | Republic of Charles
|
Poland | 14 November 1918 | Power transferred from the Chief of State Józef Piłsudski
|
Finland | 14 December 1918 | King Frederic Charles renounced the throne |
Turkmenistan | 26 April 1920 | Khan Sayid Abdullah deposed and Khorezm People's Soviet Republic proclaimed |
Lebanon | 23 July 1920 | French Mandate of Syria established after the Battle of Maysalun
|
Syria | ||
Tajikistan | 8 October 1920 | Emir Bukharan People's Republic proclaimed
|
Uzbekistan | ||
Togo | 20 July 1922 | Formal beginning of League of Nations Mandate
|
Turkey | 29 October 1923 | Republic of Turkey was proclaimed after the Turkish War of Independence, succeeding the Ottoman Empire |
Mongolia | 26 November 1924 | Mongolian People's Republic proclaimed |
Spain | 14 April 1931 | The 1929 Wall Street Crash. The Republic lost power after the Spanish Civil War. Francisco Franco then led Spain until his death on 20 November 1975 when democracy, along with the monarchy, was restored .
|
Moldova | 2 August 1940 | Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic proclaimed following the annexation of Romanian Moldavia by the Soviet Union |
Iceland | 17 June 1944 | Republic of Iceland established after a referendum |
North Korea | 15 August 1945 | Korea liberated from Japan and the People's Republic of Korea established, divided into North Korea and South Korea a month later. |
South Korea | ||
Indonesia | 17 August 1945 | Republic of Indonesia's proclamation of independence triggering the Indonesian National Revolution |
Vietnam | 25 August 1945 | Emperor Democratic Republic of Vietnam was proclaimed
|
Taiwan | 25 October 1945 | Taiwan and Penghu Islands transferred to the Republic of China. Since 1949, the ROC only controls Taiwan and the surrounding islands. |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | 29 November 1945 | Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia proclaimed while King Peter II was in exile |
Croatia | ||
Macedonia
| ||
Montenegro | ||
Serbia | ||
Slovenia | ||
Albania | 1 January 1946 | Zog was in exile
|
Hungary | 1 February 1946 | Second Hungarian Republic proclaimed |
Italy | 2 June 1946 | King Italian Republic was established after a referendum
|
Bulgaria | 15 September 1946 | Tsar Simeon II deposed and People's Republic of Bulgaria proclaimed after a referendum
|
Marshall Islands | 18 July 1947 | end of South Pacific Mandate and beginning of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
|
Federated States of Micronesia | ||
Palau | ||
Romania | 30 December 1947 | King People's Republic of Romania was proclaimed
|
Myanmar | 4 January 1948 | Burmese independence declared |
Israel | 14 May 1948 | State of Israel proclaimed |
Ireland | 18 April 1949 | Republic of Ireland Act came into force
|
India | 26 January 1950 | Constitution of India came into effect |
Egypt | 18 June 1953 | Republic proclaimed after revolution in 1952
|
South Sudan | 1 January 1956 | Independence of Republic of Sudan
|
Sudan | ||
Pakistan | 23 March 1956 | Constitution of Pakistan came into effect and Governor General 1977 and in 1999 respectively before restoration of civil electorate in 2008.
|
Tunisia | 25 July 1957 | King Muhammad VIII al-Amin deposed |
Iraq | 14 July 1958 | Faisal II deposed/killed in 14 July Revolution
|
Somalia | 26 June 1960 | Independence of Trust Territory of Somalia on 1 July to form the Somali Republic
|
Democratic Republic of the Congo | 30 June 1960 | Gained independence as a republic |
Ghana | 1 July 1960 | Constitutional change after referendum on 27 April
|
Cyprus | 16 August 1960 | Constitution of the Republic of Cyprus adopted |
South Africa | 31 May 1961 | Republican constitution adopted |
Cameroon | 1 October 1961 | End of British Trusteeship in Southern Cameroons, union with rest of Cameroon |
Rwanda | 1 July 1962 | Independence as a republic following monarchy referendum in 1961
|
Yemen | 27 September 1962 | King Muhammad al-Badr deposed and Yemen Arab Republic (North Yemen) proclaimed |
Tanganyika | 9 December 1962 | Republican constitution adopted |
Nigeria | 1 October 1963 | Constitutional amendment |
Uganda | 9 October 1963 | Constitutional amendment |
Zanzibar | 12 January 1964 | Sultanate overthrown in Zanzibar Revolution
|
Zambia | 24 October 1964 | Gained independence as a republic |
Kenya | 12 December 1964 | Republican constitution adopted |
Singapore | 9 August 1965 | Ousted from the Federation of Malaysia |
Malawi | 6 July 1966 | Republican constitution adopted |
Botswana | 30 September 1966 | Gained independence as a republic |
Burundi | 28 November 1966 | Republic declared after army coup d'état |
South Yemen | 30 November 1967 | Independence of People's Republic of South Yemen |
Nauru | 31 January 1968 | Gained independence as a republic |
Equatorial Guinea | 12 October 1968 | Gained independence as a republic |
Maldives | 11 November 1968 | Sultan Maldivian Second Republic established after a referendum
|
Libya | 1 September 1969 | King Idris I deposed by Muammar Gaddafi's coup d'état |
Guyana | 23 February 1970 | Co-operative Republic of Guyana proclaimed |
Cambodia | 18 March 1970 | The Khmer Republic (later known as Democratic Kampuchea, then the People's Republic of Kampuchea, and finally the State of Cambodia) was declared in 1970 when Prince Norodom Sihanouk was deposed. The monarchy was restored in 1993. |
The Gambia | 24 April 1970 | Republic proclaimed following constitutional referendum |
Sierra Leone | 19 April 1971 | Republican constitution adopted |
Sri Lanka | 22 May 1972 | Sri Lankan constitution adopted |
Bangladesh | 16 December 1972 | Constitution came into effect after a year of formation of state in 1972. Three 1982 .
|
Afghanistan | 17 July 1973 | King Mohammed Daoud Khan 's coup d'état
|
Greece | 8 December 1974 | Final abolition of monarchy; referendum |
Malta | 13 December 1974 | Republic of Malta proclaimed |
Eritrea | 21 March 1975 | Monarchy of Ethiopian Empire finally abolished |
Ethiopia | ||
Suriname | 25 November 1975 | Gained independence as a republic |
Laos | 2 December 1975 | King Savang Vatthana abdicated as a result of a communist revolution
|
Seychelles | 29 June 1976
|
Gained independence as a republic |
Trinidad and Tobago | 1 August 1976 | Republican constitution adopted |
Dominica | 3 November 1978 | Gained independence as a republic |
Iran | 11 February 1979 | Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi deposed and Islamic Republic of Iran (a theocratic republic) proclaimed as a result of the Iranian Revolution |
Kiribati | 12 July 1979 | Gained independence as a republic |
Central African Republic | 21 September 1979 | Emperor Bokassa I deposed in a coup d'état |
Zimbabwe | 17 April 1980 | Full independence of Zimbabwe |
Fiji | 6 October 1987 | Fiji Republic proclaimed as a result of the coup d'état of Sitiveni Rabuka |
Mauritius | 12 March 1992 | Republic of Mauritius proclaimed as a result of constitutional changes |
Samoa | 11 May 2007 | Upon the death of Malietoa Tanumafili II, Samoa changed to a parliamentary republic. |
Nepal | 28 May 2008 | Abolition of monarchy |
Barbados | 30 November 2021 | Republic of Barbados to be declared effective 30 November 2021. |
January
1 January in Slovak Republic
The day of creation of Slovak republic. A national holiday since 1993. Officially called The day of establishment of Slovak republic.
9 January in Republika Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina)
After
23 January in Philippines
26 January in India
The
To mark this occasion, a grand parade is held near
February
1 February in Hungary
On 1 February 1946 Hungary commemorates the proclamation of the Republic of Hungary. Since 2004, this day is a national commemoration day, without being a public or national Holiday.
March
23 March in Pakistan
In Pakistan this day marks the passing of the Lahore Resolution. Republic Day of Pakistan was first observed in 1956 when Pakistan officially became a Republic and shunned the former status of Dominion. The main events of this day include a full military parade and the awarding of honours at the Presidency (Presidential Palace) by the President. Every year, on 23 March, the Pakistani people commemorate their National Day in remembrance of "The Pakistan Resolution" passed on 23 March 1940, in the historic city of Lahore which is also the day the country was declared a republic.
May
28 May in Armenia and Nepal
On 28 May 1918
A decade-long People's Revolution by the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) along with several weeks of mass protests by all major political parties of Nepal in 2006, culminated in a peace accord and the ensuing elections for the constituent assembly voted overwhelmingly in favor of the abdication of the last Nepali monarch Gyanendra Shah and the establishment of a federal democratic republic on 28 May 2008.
31 May in South Africa (1961–1994)
Between 1961 and 1994, 31 May was celebrated in South Africa as Republic Day. This practice was discontinued in 1995 following the attainment of majority rule and the reorganisation of public holidays as a consequence. On the last Republic Day, in 1994, South Africa rejoined the Commonwealth of Nations.
June
2 June in Italy
The
After 85 years of
July
1 July in Ghana
Ghana's republican day.
4 July in the Philippines
4 July 1946 is the Philippines' Republic Day.
14 July in Iraq
14 July 1958 is the day the Hashemite monarchy was overthrown in Iraq by popular forces led by
25 July in Tunisia
It's the day monarchy was abolished by the National Assembly and Republic was proclaimed. Habib Bourguiba was chosen to be the first President.
August
2 August in North Macedonia
October
5 October in Portugal
5 October in Portugal is known as Implantação da República. It celebrates the proclamation of the
10 October in Republic of China
10 October in
24 October in Rhodesia (1970–1979)
Although the government of Ian Smith declared Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) a republic on 2 March 1970, it was officially commemorated on 24 October. Following independence in 1980, the holiday was abolished.
25 October in Kazakhstan
In the waning days of Soviet rule, individual
29 October in Turkey
On 29 October 1923, the Turkish constitution was amended and Turkey became a republic. This formally declared the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire. Republic Day (Turkish: Cumhuriyet Bayramı) is celebrated throughout Turkey and Northern Cyprus every year. Commemorative events usually begin in the afternoon on the previous day. In observance of the holiday, government offices and schools close for a day. Also, there are fireworks shows in all cities of Turkey.That day everyone commemorates Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.
November
11 November in the Maldives
On 11 November 1968, Maldives the then existing monarchy was abolished and replaced by a republic.
15 November in Brazil and Northern Cyprus
On 15 November 1889, in the city of Rio de Janeiro (the Brazilian capital at that time), a military coup led by Field Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca overthrew Emperor Pedro II and declared Brazil a republic.
29 November in former Yugoslavia (1945–1990)
On 29 November 1943 the
In
In the 1980s, as central and
In 1989, Slovenia and Croatia were the first federal republics to cease observing the holiday. Other seceded republics followed suit as Yugoslavia dissolved. Federal Republic of Yugoslavia kept the holiday until 2002.
The date "29.XI.1943" featured prominently on the Yugoslav coat of arms.
30 November in Barbados
This day is celebrated as both
December
13 December in Malta
On 13 December 1974, the
18 December in Niger
18 December 1958 is commemorated in the
The 16th is celebrated in Niger with official festivals and appearances of political leaders, as well as public parties and festivities. The 50th anniversary celebrations were held in 2006, centered not in the capitol, but in the regional center of
Republic Day in other countries
- Albania: 11 January (1946)
- Democratic Republic of Armenia)
- Barbados: 30 November (2021)[2]
- Burkina Faso: 11 December (1958, Upper Volta became an autonomous republic within the French Community)
- Central African Republic: 1 December (1958, became an autonomous republic within the French Community)[3]
- East Germany: 7 October (1949, see Republic Day (East Germany))
- Gambia: 24 April (1970)
- Greece: 24 July (1974)
- Ghana: 1 July (1960)
- Guyana: 23 February (1970, also known as Mashramani)
- Iceland: 17 June (1944)
- India: 26 January (1950)
- Iran: 1 April (Islamic Republic Day)
- Iraq: 14 July
- Kenya: 12 December (1963, see Jamhuri Day)
- Lithuania: 15 May (1920, known as the Constituent Assembly Day)
- Maldives: 11 November (1968)
- Nepal: 28 May (2008)
- Niger: 18 December (1958)
- North Korea: 9 September (1948)
- Pakistan: 23 March (1956)
- Republic of the Congo: 28 November (1958)[4]
- Sierra Leone: 27 April (1961)
- Sri Lanka: 22 May (1972)
- Tunisia: 25 July (1957)
- Turkey: 29 October (1923)
- Trinidad and Tobago: 24 September (1976)
See also
- National Day
- Public holiday
Notes
- ^ The First Philippine Republic was a nascent revolutionary government established on 23 January 1899, during the period following the end of the Spanish–American War. That war had concluded with the cession of the Philippines to the U.S. by Spain, and the Philippines was under U.S. military government at the time. Hostilities which erupted between the Philippine Revolutionary Army and U.S. forces on 4 February 1899 quickly developed into the Philippine–American War, which led to the dissolution of that nascent government.
References
- ^ Commémoration du 18 décembre à Tillabéri : Sons et lumières à la cité des Maïga. Assane Soumana, Sahel Dimanche. 12 December 2008
- ^ "In Barbados, parliament votes to amend constitution, paving the way to republican status". ConstitutionNet. 30 September 2021. Retrieved 18 October 2021.
- ^ "Republic Day in Central African Republic in 2021". Office Holidays. Retrieved 4 January 2021.
- ^ "Republic Day in Congo in 2021". Office Holidays. Retrieved 4 January 2021.