Delaware
Delaware | |
---|---|
EDT) | |
USPS abbreviation | DE |
ISO 3166 code | US-DE |
Traditional abbreviation | Del. |
Latitude | 38° 27′ N to 39° 50′ N |
Longitude | 75° 3′ W to 75° 47′ W |
Website | delaware |
Belemnite | |
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Mineral | Sillimanite |
Soil | Greenwich |
State route marker | |
State quarter | |
Released in 1999 | |
Lists of United States state symbols |
Delaware (/ˈdɛləwɛər/ DEL-ə-wair)[11] is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States.[12] It borders Maryland to its south and west, Pennsylvania to its north, New Jersey to its northeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to its east. The state's name derives from the adjacent Delaware Bay, which in turn was named after Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr, an English nobleman and the Colony of Virginia's first colonial-era governor.[13]
Delaware occupies the northeastern portion of the
Before Delaware coastline was explored and developed by Europeans in the 16th century, the state was inhabited by several Native American tribes, including the Lenape in the north and Nanticoke in the south. The state was first colonized by Dutch traders at Zwaanendael, near present-day Lewes, Delaware, in 1631. Delaware was one of the Thirteen Colonies that participated in the American Revolution and American Revolutionary War, in which the American Continental Army, led by George Washington, defeated the British, ended British colonization and established the United States as a sovereign and independent nation. On December 7, 1787, Delaware was the first state to ratify the Constitution of the United States, earning it the nickname "The First State".[15]
Since the turn of the 20th century, Delaware has become an onshore corporate haven whose corporate laws are deemed appealing to corporations; over half of all New York Stock Exchange-listed corporations and over three-fifths of the Fortune 500 are legally incorporated in the state.
Etymology
Delaware was named after
The name de La Warr is from
History
This section needs additional citations for verification. (December 2018) |
Native Americans
Before Delaware was settled by European colonists, the present-day state was home to the Eastern Algonquian tribes known as the Unami Lenape, or Delaware, who lived mostly along the coast, and the Nanticoke who occupied much of the southern Delmarva Peninsula. John Smith also shows two Iroquoian tribes, the Kuskarawock and Tockwogh, living north of the Nanticoke—they may have held small portions of land in the western part of the state before migrating across the Chesapeake Bay.[18] The Kuskarawocks were most likely the Tuscarora.
The Unami Lenape in the
Colonial Delaware
The
Penn established representative government and briefly combined his two possessions under one General Assembly in 1682. However, by 1704 the province of Pennsylvania had grown so large their representatives wanted to make decisions without the assent of the Lower Counties, and the two groups of representatives began meeting on their own, one at Philadelphia, and the other at New Castle. Penn and his heirs remained proprietors of both and always appointed the same person Governor for their province of Pennsylvania and their territory of the Lower Counties. The fact that Delaware and Pennsylvania shared the same governor was not unique. From 1703 to 1738 New York and New Jersey shared a governor.[22] Massachusetts and New Hampshire also shared a governor for some time.[23]
Dependent in early years on indentured labor, Delaware imported more slaves as the number of English immigrants decreased with better economic conditions in England. The colony became a slave society and cultivated tobacco as a cash crop, although English immigrants continued to arrive.
American Revolution
Like the other middle colonies, the Lower Counties on the Delaware initially showed little enthusiasm for a break with Britain. The citizenry had a good relationship with the Proprietary government, and generally were allowed more independence of action in their Colonial Assembly than in other colonies. Merchants at the port of Wilmington had trading ties with the British.
New Castle lawyer
Initially led by John Haslet, Delaware provided one of the premier regiments in the Continental Army, known as the "Delaware Blues" and nicknamed the "Blue Hen's Chicks". In August 1777 General Sir William Howe led a British army through Delaware on his way to a victory at the Battle of Brandywine and capture of the city of Philadelphia. The only real engagement on Delaware soil was the Battle of Cooch's Bridge, fought on September 3, 1777, at Cooch's Bridge in New Castle County, although there was a minor Loyalist rebellion in 1778.
Following the Battle of Brandywine, Wilmington was occupied by the British, and State President John McKinly was taken prisoner. The British remained in control of the Delaware River for much of the rest of the war, disrupting commerce and providing encouragement to an active Loyalist portion of the population, particularly in Sussex County. Because the British promised slaves of rebels freedom for fighting with them, escaped slaves flocked north to join their lines.[24]
Following the American Revolution, statesmen from Delaware were among the leading proponents of a strong central United States with equal representation for each state.
Slavery and race
Many colonial settlers came to Delaware from Maryland and Virginia, where the population had been increasing rapidly. The economies of these colonies were chiefly based on labor-intensive tobacco and increasingly dependent on African slaves because of a decline in working class immigrants from England. Most of the English colonists had arrived as indentured servants (contracted for a fixed period to pay for their passage), and in the early years the line between servant and slave was fluid.[citation needed]
Most of the free African-American families in Delaware before the Revolution had migrated from Maryland to find more affordable land. They were descendants chiefly of relationships or marriages between white servant women and enslaved, servant or free African or African-American men.[25] Under slavery law, children took the social status of their mothers, so children born to white women were free, regardless of their paternity, just as children born to enslaved women were born into slavery. As the flow of indentured laborers to the colony decreased with improving economic conditions in England, more slaves were imported for labor and the caste lines hardened.
By the end of the colonial period, the number of enslaved people in Delaware began to decline. Shifts in the agriculture economy from tobacco to mixed farming resulted in less need for slaves' labor. In addition local
Although attempts to abolish slavery failed by narrow margins in the legislature, in practical terms the state had mostly ended the practice. By the
An independent black denomination was chartered in 1813 by freed slave
Delaware voted against secession on January 3, 1861, and so remained in the Union. While most Delaware citizens who fought in the war served in the regiments of the state, some served in companies on the Confederate side in Maryland and Virginia Regiments. Delaware is notable for being the only slave state from which no Confederate regiments or militia groups were assembled.[citation needed] Delaware essentially freed the few slaves who were still in bondage shortly after the Civil War[further explanation needed] but rejected the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to the Constitution; the 13th Amendment was rejected on February 8, 1865, the 14th Amendment was rejected on February 8, 1867, and the 15th Amendment was rejected on March 18, 1869. Delaware officially ratified the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments on February 12, 1901.[citation needed]
Reconstruction and industrialization
During the
Beginning in the late nineteenth century, the Wilmington area grew into a manufacturing center. Investment in manufacturing in the city grew from $5.5 million in 1860 to $44 million in 1900.
As manufacturing expanded, businesses became major players in state affairs and funders of politicians through families such as the Du Ponts. Republican John Addicks attempted to buy a US Senate seat multiple times in a rivalry with the Du Ponts until the passage of the Seventeenth Amendment.[35] The allegiance of industries with the Republican party allowed them to gain control of the state's governorship throughout most of the twentieth century. The GOP ensured Black people could vote because of their general support for Republicans and thus undid restrictions on Black suffrage.[36]
Delaware benefited greatly from World War I because of the state's large gunpowder industry. DuPont, the most dominant business in the state by WWI, produced an estimated 40% of all gunpowder used by the Allies during the war. It produced nylon in the state after the war and began investments into General Motors.[37] Additionally, the company invested heavily in the expansion of public schools in the state and colleges such as the University of Delaware in the 1910s and 1920s. This included primary and secondary schools for Black people and women.[38] Delaware suffered less during the Great Depression than other states, but the depression spurred further migration from the rural south to urban areas.[39]
World War II to present
Like in World War I, the state enjoyed a big stimulus to its gunpowder and shipyard industries in World War II. New job opportunities during and after the war in the Wilmington area coaxed Black people from the southern counties to move to the city. The proportion of blacks constituting the city's population rose from 15% in 1950 to over 50% by 1980.[40] The surge of Black migrants to the north sparked white flight, in which middle class whites moved from the city to suburban areas, leading to de facto segregation of Northern Delaware's society. In the 1940s and 1950s, Delaware attempted to integrate its schools, although the last segregated school in the state did not close until 1970.[41] The University of Delaware admitted its first black student in 1948, and local courts ruled that primary schools had to be integrated. Delaware's integration efforts partially inspired the US Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education, which found racial segregation in United States public schools to be unconstitutional.[42] The result of the Brown ruling was that Delaware became fully integrated, albeit with time and much effort.
In October 1954, the city of
Since WWII, the state has been generally economically prosperous and enjoyed relatively high per capita income because of its location between major cities like Philadelphia, New York, and Washington, DC.[48] Its population grew rapidly, particularly in the suburbs in the north where New Castle county became an extension of the Philadelphia metropolitan area.[49] Americans, including migrants from Puerto Rico, and immigrants from Latin America flocked to the state. By 1990, only 50% of Delaware's population consisted of natives to the state.[50]
Geography
Delaware is 96 miles (154 km) long and ranges from 9 to 35 miles (14 to 56 km) across, with a land area of 1,982 square miles (5,130 km2)[51] and a total area of 2,489 square miles (6,450 km2),[52] making it the second-smallest state by either metric in the United States after Rhode Island. Delaware is bounded to the north by Pennsylvania; to the east by the Delaware River, Delaware Bay, New Jersey, and the Atlantic Ocean; and to the west and south by Maryland. Small portions of Delaware are also situated on the eastern side of the Delaware River sharing land boundaries with New Jersey. The state of Delaware, together with the Eastern Shore counties of Maryland and two counties of Virginia, form the Delmarva Peninsula, which stretches down the Mid-Atlantic Coast.
The definition of the northern boundary of the state is unusual. Most of the boundary between Delaware and Pennsylvania was originally defined by an arc extending 12 miles (19.3 km) from the
This border extends all the way east to the low-tide mark on the New Jersey shore, then continues south along the shoreline until it again reaches the 12-mile (19 km) arc in the south; then the boundary continues in a more conventional way in the middle of the main channel (thalweg) of the Delaware River.
To the west, a portion of the arc extends past the easternmost edge of Maryland. The remaining western border runs slightly east of due south from its intersection with the arc.
Topography
Delaware is on a level plain, with the lowest mean elevation of any state in the nation.
The
Climate
Since almost all of Delaware is a part of the
Summers are long, hot, and humid in Delaware, often with intense (but brief) late day thundershowers. Delaware averages 2,300 hrs of sunshine annually (higher than the USA average). Winters are modestly cool to cold in northern Delaware, and cool to mild in southern Delaware. The normal seasonal snowfall ranges from about 20.0 inches in Wilmington to only 10.0 inches in Lewes. In many winters no snow will fall in coastal Delaware. Northern Delaware falls into USDA Garden Zone 7a, while southern and coastal areas fall into USDA zone 7b and 8a. The milder climate in southern Delaware allows for
Delaware's all-time record high of 110 °F (43 °C) was recorded at
Environment
The transitional climate of Delaware supports a wide variety of vegetation. In the northern third of the state are found
Environmental management
Delaware provides
Municipalities
Wilmington is the state's most populous city (70,635) and its economic hub. It is located within commuting distance of both Philadelphia and Baltimore. Dover is the state capital and the second most populous city (38,079).
Counties
Cities
Towns
- Bellefonte
- Bethany Beach
- Bethel
- Blades
- Bowers
- Bridgeville
- Camden
- Cheswold
- Clayton
- Dagsboro
- Delmar
- Dewey Beach
- Ellendale
- Elsmere
- Farmington
- Felton
- Fenwick Island
- Frankford
- Frederica
- Georgetown
- Greenwood
- Hartly
- Henlopen Acres
- Houston
- Kenton
- Laurel
- Leipsic
- Little Creek
- Magnolia
- Millsboro
- Millville
- Milton
- Newport
- Ocean View
- Odessa
- Selbyville
- Slaughter Beach
- Smyrna
- South Bethany
- Townsend
- Viola
- Woodside
- Wyoming
Villages
Unincorporated places
- Bear
- Brookside
- Christiana
- Clarksville
- Claymont
- Dover Base Housing
- Edgemoor
- Glasgow
- Greenville
- Gumboro
- Harbeson
- Highland Acres
- Hockessin
- Kent Acres
- Lincoln City
- Long Neck
- Marshallton
- Mount Pleasant
- North Star
- Oak Orchard
- Omar
- Pennyhill
- Pike Creek
- Pike Creek Valley
- Rising Sun-Lebanon
- Riverview
- Rodney Village
- Roxana
- Saint Georges
- Sandtown
- Stanton
- Wilmington Manor
- Wooddale
- Woodland
- Woodside East
- Yorklyn
The table below lists the ten largest municipalities in the state based on the 2020 United States census.[60]
Largest cities or towns in Delaware
2020 U.S. Census populations | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | Name
|
County
|
Municipal pop. | ||||||
Wilmington Dover |
1 | Wilmington | New Castle | 70,898 | Newark Middletown | ||||
2 | Dover | Kent | 39,403 | ||||||
3 | Newark | New Castle | 30,601 | ||||||
4 | Middletown | New Castle | 23,192 | ||||||
5 | Bear | New Castle | 23,060 | ||||||
6 | Glasgow | New Castle | 15,288 | ||||||
7 | Brookside | New Castle | 14,974 | ||||||
8 | Hockessin | New Castle | 13,478 | ||||||
9 | Smyrna | Kent, New Castle | 12,883 | ||||||
10 | Pike Creek Valley | New Castle | 11,692 |
Demographics
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1790 | 59,096 | — | |
1800 | 64,273 | 8.8% | |
1810 | 72,674 | 13.1% | |
1820 | 72,749 | 0.1% | |
1830 | 76,748 | 5.5% | |
1840 | 78,085 | 1.7% | |
1850 | 91,532 | 17.2% | |
1860 | 112,216 | 22.6% | |
1870 | 125,015 | 11.4% | |
1880 | 146,608 | 17.3% | |
1890 | 168,493 | 14.9% | |
1900 | 184,735 | 9.6% | |
1910 | 202,322 | 9.5% | |
1920 | 223,003 | 10.2% | |
1930 | 238,380 | 6.9% | |
1940 | 266,505 | 11.8% | |
1950 | 318,085 | 19.4% | |
1960 | 446,292 | 40.3% | |
1970 | 548,104 | 22.8% | |
1980 | 594,338 | 8.4% | |
1990 | 666,168 | 12.1% | |
2000 | 783,600 | 17.6% | |
2010 | 897,934 | 14.6% | |
2020 | 989,948 | 10.2% | |
2023 (est.) | 1,031,890 | 4.2% | |
Source: 1910–2020[61] |
The
Delaware's history as a
Delaware is the sixth most densely populated state, with a population density of 442.6 people per square mile, 356.4 per square mile more than the national average, and ranking 45th in population. Delaware is one of five U.S. states (Maine, Vermont, West Virginia, Wyoming) that do not have a single city with a population over 100,000 as of the 2010 census.[74] The center of population of Delaware is in New Castle County, in the town of Townsend.[75]
According to HUD's 2022 Annual Homeless Assessment Report, there were an estimated 2,369 homeless people in Delaware.[76][77]
Race and ethnicity
According to the 2010 United States census, the racial composition of the state was 68.9%
The 2022 American Community Survey estimated the state had a racial and ethnic makeup of 60.6% non-Hispanic whites, 23.6% Black or African American, 0.7% American Indian or Alaska Native, 4.2% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 2.9% multiracial, and 10.1% Hispanic or Latin American of any race.[79]
In the Native American community, the state has a Native American group, called in their own language Lenape, which was influential in the colonial period of the United States and is today headquartered in Cheswold, Kent County, Delaware.[80] A band of the Nanticoke tribe of American Indians today resides in Sussex County and is headquartered in Millsboro, Sussex County, Delaware.[81]
Delaware's population mainly consisted of people from the British Isles, African slaves, Germans and a few remaining Native Americans during the colonial era. Irish, Germans, Italians, Poles, and Russian Jewish immigrants were attracted by the industries in the Wilmington area. In the late 20th century a Puerto Rican community formed in Wilmington. Guatemalan people migrated to Sussex county to work in Delaware's poultry industry. A group of Native Americans in Delaware of mixed ethnicity, the Moors, live in Cheswold. The descendants of the Nanticoke people live around Millsboro. There is also a small numbers of Asians in New Castle county who work as scientific and engineering professionals.[82]
Racial composition | 1990[83] | 2000[84] | 2010[85] | 2020[86] |
---|---|---|---|---|
White |
80.3% | 74.6% | 68.9% | 60.4% |
Black |
16.9% | 19.2% | 21.4% | 22.1% |
Asian |
1.4% | 2.1% | 3.2% | 4.3% |
Native | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.5% | 0.5% |
Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander |
– | – | – | - |
Other race |
1.1% | 2.0% | 3.4% | 4.9% |
Two or more races |
– | 1.7% | 2.7% | 7.7% |
The top countries of origin for Delaware's immigrants in 2018 were Mexico, India, Guatemala, China, and Jamaica.[87]
Birth data
Note: Births in table do not add up because Hispanics are counted both by their ethnicity and by their race, giving a higher overall number.
Race
|
2013[88] | 2014[89] | 2015[90] | 2016[91] | 2017[92] | 2018[93] | 2019[94] | 2020[95] | 2021[96] | 2022[97] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
White: | 7,204 (66.5%) | 7,314 (66.7%) | 7,341 (65.7%) | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
> Non-Hispanic White | 5,942 (54.8%) | 5,904 (53.8%) | 5,959 (53.4%) | 5,827 (53.0%) | 5,309 (48.9%) | 5,171 (48.7%) | 5,024 (47.6%) | 4,949 (47.6%) | 5,042 (48.1%) | 5,035 (46.6%) |
Black | 3,061 (28.3%) | 2,988 (27.2%) | 3,134 (28.1%) | 2,832 (25.7%) | 2,818 (26.0%) | 2,773 (26.1%) | 2,804 (26.5%) | 2,722 (26.2%) | 2,711 (25.9%) | 2,853 (26.4%) |
Asian | 541 (5.0%) | 644 (5.9%) | 675 (6.1%) | 627 (5.7%) | 646 (6.0%) | 634 (6.0%) | 624 (5.9%) | 617 (5.9%) | 538 (5.1%) | 553 (5.1%) |
Native American | 25 (0.2%) | 26 (0.2%) | 16 (0.1%) | 13 (0.1%) | 23 (0.2%) | 10 (0.1%) | 18 (0.2%) | 18 (0.2%) | 12 (0.1%) | 10 (0.2%) |
Hispanic (of any race) | 1,348 (12.4%) | 1,541 (14.0%) | 1,532 (13.7%) | 1,432 (13.0%) | 1,748 (16.1%) | 1,710 (16.1%) | 1,737 (16.4%) | 1,768 (17.0%) | 1,826 (17.4%) | 1,996 (18.5%) |
Total Delaware | 10,831 (100%) | 10,972 (100%) | 11,166 (100%) | 10,992 (100%) | 10,855 (100%) | 10,621 (100%) | 10,562 (100%) | 10,392 (100%) | 10,482 (100%) | 10,816 (100%) |
- Since 2016, data for births of White Hispanic origin are not collected, but included in one Hispanic group; persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.
Languages
In 2000, 91% of Delaware residents of age 5 and older spoke only English at home; 5% spoke Spanish. French was the third most spoken language, used by 0.7% of the population, followed by Chinese (0.5%) and German (0.5%). Legislation has been proposed in both the House and the Senate in Delaware to designate English as the official language.[98][99] Neither bill was passed in the legislature.
Sexual orientation
A 2012 Gallup poll found that Delaware's proportion of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender adults stood at 3.4% of the population. This constitutes a total LGBT adult population estimate of 23,698 people. The number of same-sex couple households in 2010 stood at 2,646. This grew by 41.65% from a decade earlier.[100][not specific enough to verify] On July 1, 2013, same-sex marriage was legalized, and all civil unions would be converted into marriages.[101]
Religion
The predominant religion practiced in Delaware is
The Association of Religion Data Archives reported in 2010 that the three largest Christian denominational groups in Delaware by number of adherents are the Catholic Church at 182,532 adherents, the United Methodist Church with 53,656 members reported, and non-denominational evangelical Protestants, who numbered 22,973.[106] In 2020, the Association of Religion Data Archives reported the largest Christian denominations were the Catholic Church with 197,094; non-denominational Protestants with 49,392, and United Methodists with 39,959.[107]
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Wilmington and the Episcopal Diocese of Delaware oversee the parishes within their denominations. The A.U.M.P. Church, the oldest African-American denomination in the nation, was founded in Wilmington. It still has a substantial presence in the state. Reflecting new immigrant populations, an Islamic mosque has been built in the Ogletown area, and a Hindu temple in Hockessin.
Delaware is home to an Amish community which resides west of Dover in Kent County, consisting of nine church districts and about 1,650 people. The Amish first settled in Kent County in 1915. In recent years, increasing development has led to the decline in the number of Amish living in the community.[108][109][110]
A 2012 survey of religious attitudes in the United States found that 34% of Delaware residents considered themselves "moderately religious", 33% "very religious", and 33% as "non-religious".[111] At the 2014 Pew Research survey, 23% of the population were irreligious; the 2020 Public Religion Research Institute's survey determined 31% of the population were irreligious.[104] In 2022, the same study showed 33% of the population as irreligious.[105]
Economy
Affluence
DE County | March 2010 | March 2011 |
---|---|---|
New Castle | 229,000 | 216,000 |
Sussex | 323,000 | 296,000 |
Kent | 186,000 | 178,000 |
According to a 2020 study by Kiplinger, Delaware had the seventeenth most millionaires per capita in the United States; altogether, there were 25,937 such individuals. The median income for Delaware households as of 2020 was $64,805.[113][114]
Agriculture
Delaware's agricultural output consists of poultry, nursery stock,
Industries
As of October 2019[update], the state's unemployment rate was 3.7%.[115]
The state's largest employers are:[citation needed]
- government (State of Delaware, New Castle County)
- education (University of Delaware, Delaware Technical Community College)
- banking (Bank of America, M&T Bank, JPMorgan Chase, Citigroup, Deutsche Bank)
- chemical, pharmaceutical, technology (DuPont de Nemours Inc., AstraZeneca, Syngenta, Agilent Technologies)
- healthcare (ChristianaCare (Christiana Hospital), Bayhealth Medical Center, Nemours Children's Hospital, Delaware)
- farming, specifically chicken farming in Sussex County (Perdue Farms, Mountaire Farms, Allen Family Foods)
- retail (Walmart, Walgreens, Acme Markets)
Industrial decline
Since the mid-2000s, Delaware has seen the departure of the state's automotive manufacturing industry (
In late 2015, DuPont announced that 1,700 employees, nearly a third of its footprint in Delaware, would be laid off in early 2016.
Incorporation in Delaware
More than half of all U.S. publicly traded companies, and 63% of the Fortune 500, are incorporated in Delaware.[124] The state's attractiveness as a corporate haven is largely because of its business-friendly corporation law. Franchise taxes on Delaware corporations supply about a fifth of the state's revenue.[125] Although "USA (Delaware)" ranked as the world's most opaque jurisdiction on the Tax Justice Network's 2009 Financial Secrecy Index,[126] the same group's 2011 Index ranks the U.S. fifth and does not specify Delaware.[127] In Delaware, there are more than a million registered corporations,[128] meaning there are more corporations than people.
Food and drink
Title 4, chapter 7 of the Delaware Code stipulates that alcoholic liquor be sold only in specifically licensed establishments, and only between 9:00 a.m. and 1:00 a.m.[129] Until 2003, Delaware was among the several states enforcing blue laws and banned the sale of liquor on Sunday.[130]
Media
Newspapers
Two
Television
No standalone television stations are based solely in Delaware. The northern part of the state is served by network stations in
Radio
There are a numerous radio stations licensed in Delaware.
Tourism
Delaware is home to First State National Historical Park, a National Park Service unit composed of historic sites across the state including the New Castle Court House, Green, and Sheriff's House, Dover Green, Beaver Valley, Fort Christina, Old Swedes' Church, John Dickinson Plantation, and the Ryves Holt House.[131] Delaware has several museums, wildlife refuges, parks, houses, lighthouses, and other historic places.
Delaware is home to several festivals, fairs, and events. Some of the more notable festivals are the Riverfest held in
In 2015, tourism in Delaware generated $3.1 billion, which makes up five percent of the state's GDP. Delaware saw 8.5 million visitors in 2015, with the tourism industry employing 41,730 people, making it the 4th largest private employer in the state. Major origin markets for Delaware tourists include Philadelphia, Baltimore, New York City, Washington, D.C., and Harrisburg, with 97% of tourists arriving to the state by car and 75% of tourists coming from a distance of 200 miles (320 km) or less.[133]
Delaware is also home to two large sporting venues. Dover Motor Speedway is a race track in Dover, and Frawley Stadium in Wilmington is the home of the Wilmington Blue Rocks, a Minor League Baseball team that is currently affiliated with the Washington Nationals.
Education
In the early 1920s, Pierre S. du Pont served as president of the state board of education. At the time, state law prohibited money raised from white taxpayers from being used to support the state's schools for black children. Appalled by the condition of the black schools, du Pont donated four million dollars to construct 86 new school buildings.[134]
Delaware was the origin of
Unlike many states, Delaware's educational system is centralized in a state Superintendent of Education, with local school boards retaining control over taxation and some curriculum decisions. This centralized system, combined with the small size of the state, likely contributed to Delaware becoming the first state, after completion of a three-year, $30 million program ending in 1999, to wire every K-12 classroom in the state to the Internet.[135]
As of 2011[update], the Delaware Department of Education had authorized the founding of 25 charter schools in the state, one of them being all-girls.[136]
All teachers in the State's public school districts are unionized.[137] As of January 2012[update], none of the State's charter schools are members of a teachers union.[137] One of the State's teachers' unions is Delaware State Education Association (DSEA).[137]
Colleges and universities
- Delaware College of Art and Design
- Delaware State University
- Delaware Technical & Community College
- Goldey-Beacom College
- University of Delaware—Ranked 63rd in the U.S. and in top 201–250 in the world (Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2018)
- Widener University School of Law
- Wilmington University
Transportation
The transportation system in Delaware is under the governance and supervision of the
In 2009, DelDOT maintained 13,507 lane-miles, totaling 89 percent of the state's public roadway system, the rest being under the supervision of individual municipalities. This far exceeds the national average (20 percent) for state department of transportation maintenance responsibility.[142]
Roads
One major branch of the U.S.
A bicycle route, Delaware Bicycle Route 1, spans the north–south length of the state from the Maryland border in Fenwick Island to the Pennsylvania border north of Montchanin. It is the first of several signed bike routes planned in Delaware.[143]
Delaware has about 875 bridges,
It has been noted that the
Ferries
Three ferries operate in the state of Delaware:
- Cape May–Lewes Ferry crosses the mouth of Delaware Bay between Lewes, Delaware and Cape May, New Jersey.
- Woodland Ferry (a cable ferry) crosses the Nanticoke River southwest of Seaford.
- Delaware City with Fort Delaware and Fort Mott, New Jersey.
Rail and bus
Delaware passenger rail | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Services
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Two
The last north–south passenger trains through the main part of Delaware was the Pennsylvania Railroad's local Wilmington-Delmar train in 1965.[151][152] This was a successor to the Del-Mar-Va Express and Cavalier, which had run from Philadelphia through the state's interior, to the end of the Delmarva Peninsula until the mid-1950s.[153][154]
The DART First State public transportation system was named "Most Outstanding Public Transportation System" in 2003 by the American Public Transportation Association. Coverage of the system is broad within northern New Castle County with close association to major highways in Kent and Sussex counties. The system includes bus, subsidized passenger rail operated by Philadelphia transit agency SEPTA, and subsidized taxi and paratransit modes. The paratransit system, consisting of a statewide door-to-door bus service for the elderly and disabled, has been described by a Delaware state report as "the most generous paratransit system in the United States".[141] As of 2012[update], fees for the paratransit service have not changed since 1988.[141]
Air
As of 2023[update], Delaware is served exclusively by Avelo Airlines out of Wilmington Airport, launching five routes to Florida on February 1.[155][156] This put an end to an eight-month period during which Delaware had no scheduled air service, one of several since 1991.[157] Various airlines had served Wilmington Airport, the latest departure being Frontier Airlines in June 2022.[158]
Delaware is centrally situated in the
Other general aviation airports in Delaware include Summit Airport near Middletown, Delaware Airpark near Cheswold, and Delaware Coastal Airport near Georgetown.
Law and government
Delaware's fourth and current constitution, adopted in 1897, provides for executive, judicial and legislative branches.[159]
Legislative branch
The Delaware General Assembly consists of a House of Representatives with 41 members and a Senate with 21 members. It sits in Dover, the state capital. Representatives are elected to two-year terms, while senators are elected to four-year terms. The Senate confirms judicial and other nominees appointed by the governor.
Delaware's U.S. Senators are Tom Carper (Democrat) and Chris Coons (Democrat). Delaware's single U.S. Representative is Lisa Blunt Rochester (Democrat).
Judicial branch
The Delaware Constitution establishes a number of courts:
- The Delaware Supreme Court is the state's highest court.
- The Delaware Superior Court is the state's trial court of general jurisdiction.
- The Delaware Court of Chancery deals primarily in corporate disputes.
- The Family Court handles domestic and custody matters.
- The Delaware Court of Common Pleas has jurisdiction over a limited class of civil and criminal matters.
Minor non-constitutional courts include the
Significantly, Delaware has one of the few remaining Courts of
Delaware was the last U.S. state to use judicial corporal punishment, in 1952.[161]
Executive branch
The executive branch is headed by the
The executive branch also consists of the Attorney General of Delaware currently held by Kathy Jennings, the State Treasurer currently held by Colleen Davis, the Auditor of Accounts currently held by Lydia York and the Insurance Commissioner currently held by Trinidad Navarro.
Counties
Delaware is subdivided into
Politics
The
During the First and Second Party Systems, Delaware was a stronghold for the Federalist and Whig Parties, respectively. After a relatively brief adherence to the Democratic Solid South following the US Civil War, Delaware became a Republican-leaning state from 1896 through 1948, voting for losing Republicans Charles Evans Hughes in 1916, Herbert Hoover in 1932, and Thomas Dewey in 1948.
During the second half of the 20th century, Delaware was a bellwether state, voting for the winner of every presidential election from 1952 through 1996. Delaware's bellwether status came to an end when Delaware voted for Al Gore in 2000 by 13%. Subsequent elections have continued to demonstrate Delaware's current strong Democratic lean: John Kerry carried the First State by 8% in 2004; Barack Obama carried it by 25% and by 19% in his two elections of 2008 and 2012; and Hillary Clinton carried it by 11% as she lost the Electoral College in 2016. In 2020, Delaware native (and Barack Obama's former vice president and running mate) Joe Biden headed the Democratic ticket; he carried his home state by just shy of 19% en route to a national 4.5% win.[164]
The dominant factor in Delaware's political shift has been the strong Democratic trend in heavily urbanized New Castle County, home to 55% of Delaware's population. New Castle County has not voted Republican in a presidential election since 1988, and has given Democrats over 60% of its vote in every election from 2004 on. In 1992, 2000, 2004, and 2016, the Republican presidential candidate carried both Kent and Sussex but lost by double digits each time in New Castle County, which was a large enough margin to tip the state to the Democrats. New Castle County also elects a substantial majority of the state legislature; 27 of the 41 state house districts and 14 of the 21 state senate districts are based in New Castle County.
In a 2020 study, Delaware was ranked as the 18th hardest state for citizens to vote in.[165]
Freedom of information
Each of the 50 states of the United States has passed some form of freedom of information legislation, which provides a mechanism for the general public to request information of the government.[166] In 2011 Delaware passed legislation placing a 15 business day time limit on addressing freedom-of-information requests, to either produce information or an explanation of why such information would take longer than this time to produce.[167] A bill aimed at restricting Freedom of Information Act requests, Senate Bill 155, was discussed in committee.[168]
Taxation
Tax is collected by the
Delaware has six different income tax brackets, ranging from 2.2% to 5.95%. The state does not assess sales tax on consumers. The state does, however, impose a tax on the gross receipts of most businesses. Business and occupational license tax rates range from 0.096% to 1.92%, depending on the category of business activity.
Delaware does not assess a state-level tax on real or personal property. Real estate is subject to county property taxes, school district property taxes, vocational school district taxes, and, if located within an incorporated area, municipal property taxes.
Gambling provides significant revenue to the state. For instance, the casino at Delaware Park Racetrack provided more than $100 million to the state in 2010.[170]
In June 2018, Delaware became the first U.S. state to legalize sports betting following the Supreme Court ruling to overturn the Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act of 1992 (PASPA).[171]
Voter registration
Party | Number of voters | Percentage | |
---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 351,700 | 45.46% | |
Republican | 206,438 | 26.69% | |
Unaffiliated | 194,729 | 25.17% | |
Independent Party of Delaware | 10,665 | 1.38% | |
Libertarian | 2,038 | 0.26% | |
Non-partisan | 1,164 | 0.15% | |
Minor parties | 6,821 | ||
Total | 773,555 | 100.00% |
Culture and entertainment
Festivals
Sports
- Professional teams
Team | Sport | League |
---|---|---|
Delaware Black Foxes
|
Rugby League
|
USA Rugby League |
Delaware Blue Coats | Basketball | NBA G League |
Delaware Thunder | Hockey | Federal Prospects Hockey League |
Diamond State Roller Girls
|
Roller derby | Women's Flat Track Derby Association |
Wilmington Blue Rocks | Baseball | High-A East
|
As Delaware has no franchises in the major American professional sports leagues, many Delawareans follow either Philadelphia or Baltimore teams. In the WNBA, the Washington Mystics enjoy a major following due to the presence of Wilmington native and University of Delaware product Elena Delle Donne. The University of Delaware's football team has a large following throughout the state, with the Delaware State University and Wesley College teams also enjoying a smaller degree of support.
Delaware is home to Dover Motor Speedway and Bally's Dover. Dover Motor Speedway, also known as the Monster Mile, is one of only 10 tracks in the nation to have hosted 100 or more NASCAR Cup Series races. Bally's Dover is a popular harness racing facility. It is the only co-located horse- and car-racing facility in the nation, with the Bally's Dover track located inside the Dover Motor Speedway track.
Delaware is represented in rugby by the Delaware Black Foxes, a 2015 expansion club.
Delaware has been home to professional wrestling outfit Combat Zone Wrestling (CZW). CZW has been affiliated with the annual Tournament of Death and ECWA with its annual Super 8 Tournament.
Delaware's official state sport is
Foreign Affairs
Sister State
Delaware has had a foreign sister state in Japan, named Miyagi Prefecture.[174] These two have shared relations since 1997, and have had exchange programs available for students that were briefly paused in wake of the earthquake and the tsunami that ensued in the prefecture during March 2011.[175]
Delawareans
Prominent Delawareans include the
See also
Notes
- ^ Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.
- ^ Unless one counts Louisiana and Alaska, which use parishes and boroughs as county equivalents respectively, and therefore both have zero counties.
- ^ Because of surveying errors, the actual line is several compound arcs with centers at different points in New Castle.
- ^ Note: there is a glitch surrounding the display of Delaware's religious tradition data on Public Religion Research Institute. Click the "list" option if results show "N/A". Do not remove pie chart.
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- ^ Bennett, Rep.; Peterson, Sen.; Katz, Sen. (January 6, 2011), "An Act to Amend Title 29 of the Delaware Code Relating to the Freedom of Information Act", Delaware Code, vol. 78 (online ed.) (published April 15, 2011), 10, House Bill # 5, archived from the original on October 2, 2011, retrieved April 22, 2011
- ^ "Speakers at Senate meeting strongly oppose changing FOIA | Delaware Live News". June 9, 2021.
- ^ "Division of Revenue—Department of Finance—State of Delaware". Division of Revenue—State of Delaware.
- ^ Barrish, Chris (April 23, 2011). "Delaware crime: Wave of brazen attacks sounds alarm at casino". Delaware Online. Wilmington, DE. 1st page of online article archived via link provided. Archived from the original on December 10, 2020. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
- ^ "Delaware becomes the first state to legalise sports betting". June 2, 2018. Archived from the original on June 22, 2018. Retrieved June 22, 2018.
- ^ "Voter Registration Totals - Delaware Department of Elections". Archived (PDF) from the original on January 19, 2022. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
- ^ "An Act to Amend Title 29 of the Delaware Code Relating to the Designation of a State Sport". Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved July 7, 2016.
- ^ McDowell; Sen. McBride; Rep. George (March 22, 2011). "Mourning Those Lost in the Recent Earthquake and Related Disasters that have Befallen Japan, and Expressing the Thoughts and Prayers of All Delawareans for the Citizens of Our Sister State of Miyagi Prefecture During These Difficult Times" (published March 23, 2011). Senate Joint Resolution # 3. Archived from the original on October 2, 2011. Retrieved April 22, 2011.
- ^ Prado, Antonio. "Delaware's sister state in Japan, Miyagi Prefecture, thanks Diamond State for help". The News Journal. Retrieved February 5, 2024.
Bibliography
- Kolchin, Peter (1994), American Slavery: 1619–1877, New York: Hill & Wang
External links
History
- Delaware State Guide, Library of Congress
General
- State of Delaware (official website)
- Geographic data related to Delaware at OpenStreetMap
- Delaware Tourism homepage
- Delaware Map Data
- Energy & Environmental Data for Delaware
- USGS real-time, geographic, and other scientific resources of Delaware
- U.S. Census Bureau
- Delaware State Facts from USDA
- 2000 Census of Population and Housing for Delaware, U.S. Census Bureau
- Delaware at Ballotpedia
- Delaware at Curlie
- Delaware State Databases—Annotated list of searchable databases produced by Delaware state agencies and compiled by the Government Documents Roundtable of the American Library Association