Dhives Akuru

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Dhives akuru
'Divehi akuru' in modern dives akuru script
Script type
Time period
6th-8th centuries CE (earliest attestation) to late 19th century
DirectionLeft-to-right 
Unicode range
The theorised Semitic origins of the Brahmi script are not universally agreed upon.
 This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.
Brahmic scripts
The Brahmi script and its descendants
Northern Brahmic
Southern Brahmic
Main article: Maldivian writing systems
The last version of the Maldivian script used after the conversion of people to Islam around the 1700s.

Dhives Akuru, later called Dhivehi Akuru (meaning Maldivian letters) is a script formerly used for the Maldivian language. The name can be alternatively spelled Dives Akuru or Divehi Akuru using the ISO 15919 Romanization scheme, as the "d" is unaspirated.

History

Dhives Akuru developed from

Brahmi
script and thus was written from left to right.

Dhives Akuru was still used in some southern atolls along with

National Archives of Sri Lanka
in Colombo.

Bodufenvalhuge Sidi, an eminent Maldivian scholar, wrote a book called Divehi Akuru in 1959, prompted by then Prime Minister Ibrahim Nasir.[4]

Letters

Below are the Grantha derived Akuru letters.

Consonants
Unvoiced Voiced Nasal Approximant Sibilant Fricative Other
Inaspirate Aspirated Inaspirate Aspirate
velar
𑤌
ka
𑤍
kha
𑤎
ga
𑤏
gha
𑤐
ṅ
𑤭
ha
palatal
𑤑
ca
𑤒
cha
𑤓
ja
𑤕
ña
𑤥
ya
𑤪
śa
𑤦
yya
retroflex
𑤖
ṭa
𑤘
ḍa
𑤙
ḍha
𑤚
ṇa
𑤧
ra
𑤫
ṣa
𑤮
ḷa
dental
𑤛
ta
𑤜
tha
𑤝
da
𑤞
dha
𑤟
na
𑤨
la
𑤬
sa
labial
𑤠
pa
𑤡
pha
𑤢
ba
𑤣
bha
𑤤
ma
𑤩
va
other
𑤯
za

A few consonants can be marked as nasalised by prefixing the diacritic ⟨𑤿⟩.

Nasalised consonants
𑤿𑤎
n̆ga
𑤿𑤘
n̆ḍa
𑤿𑤝
n̆da
𑤿𑤢
m̆ba

Some additional consonants are transcribed by adding a nuqta ⟨𑥃⟩ to certain letters.

Additional consonants
𑤌𑥃
qa
𑤍𑥃
xa
𑤎𑥃
ġa
𑤠𑥃𑥃
fa
𑤧𑥃𑥃
źa
𑤩𑥃
wa
𑤭𑥃
h̤a

Vowels

Vowels and part-vowels, their diacritics and examples with ⟨𑤌⟩, ka.
𑤀
a
𑤁
ā
𑤂
i
𑤃
ī
𑤄
u
𑤅
ū
𑤆
e
◌
ai
𑤉
o
◌
[note 1]
◌
[note 2]
◌
[note 2]
◌
[note 3]
◌𑤰
◌𑤱
◌𑤲
◌𑤳
◌𑤴
◌𑤵
◌𑤷
◌𑤸
◌𑤽
◌𑤻
◌𑤼
𑤌
ka
𑤌𑤰
kā
𑤌𑤱
ki
𑤌𑤲
kī
𑤌𑤳
ku
𑤌𑤴
kū
𑤌𑤵
ke
𑤌𑤷
kai
𑤌𑤸
ko
𑤌𑤽
k
𑤌𑤻
𑤌𑤼
  1. ^ The halanta has no independent form because it is not a vowel. It is a diacritic that suppresses a letter's inherent vowel, leaving an isolated consonant.
  2. ^ a b The anusvara and candrabundu have no independent forms. They indicate that a vowel is nasalised.
  3. ^ The vowel a has no corresponding diacritic since every consonant carries an inherent a.

Numerals

Numerals
𑥐
0
𑥑
1
𑥒
2
𑥓
3
𑥔
4
𑥕
5
𑥖
6
𑥗
7
𑥘
8
𑥙
9

Unicode

Main article: Dives Akuru (Unicode block)

The Dhives Akuru script was added to Unicode version 13.0 in March 2020, with 72 characters located in the Dives Akuru block (U+11900–U+1195F):[5]

Dives Akuru[1][2]
Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF)
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
U+1190x 𑤀 𑤁 𑤂 𑤃 𑤄 𑤅 𑤆 𑤉 𑤌 𑤍 𑤎 𑤏
U+1191x 𑤐 𑤑 𑤒 𑤓 𑤕 𑤖 𑤘 𑤙 𑤚 𑤛 𑤜 𑤝 𑤞 𑤟
U+1192x 𑤠 𑤡 𑤢 𑤣 𑤤 𑤥 𑤦 𑤧 𑤨 𑤩 𑤪 𑤫 𑤬 𑤭 𑤮 𑤯
U+1193x 𑤰 𑤱 𑤲 𑤳 𑤴 𑤵 𑤷 𑤸 𑤻 𑤼 𑤽  𑤾   𑤿 
U+1194x 𑥀  𑥁  𑥂 𑥃 𑥄 𑥅 𑥆
U+1195x 𑥐 𑥑 𑥒 𑥓 𑥔 𑥕 𑥖 𑥗 𑥘 𑥙
Notes
1.^ As of Unicode version 15.1
2.^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points

References

  • Bell, H.C.P. Excerpta Maldiviana. Reprint 1922-1935 edn. New Delhi 1998.
  • Bell, H.C.P. The Maldive islands. Monograph on the History, Archaeology and Epigraphy. Reprint 1940 edn. Male' 1986.
  • Divehi Bahuge Qawaaaid. Vols 1 to 5. Ministry of Education. Male' 1978.
  • Divehīnge Tarika. Divehīnge Bas. Divehibahāi Tārikhah Khidumaiykurā Qaumī Majlis. Male' 2000.
  • Geiger, Wilhelm. Maldivian Linguistic Studies. Reprint 1919 edn. Novelty Press. Male' 1986.
  • Gunasena, Bandusekara. The Evolution of the Sinhalese Script. Godage Poth Mendura. Colombo 1999.
  • Romero-Frias, Xavier
    . The Maldive Islanders, A Study of the Popular Culture of an Ancient Ocean Kingdom. Barcelona 1999.
  • Sivaramamurti, C. Indian Epigraphy and South Indian Scripts. Bulletin of the Madras Government Museum. Chennai 1999.


Citations

  1. ^
    ISSN 0084-0084
    .
  2. ISSN 0044-8613
    .
  3. ^ Pandey, Anshuman (2018-01-23). Proposal to encode Dives Akuru in Unicode (PDF). Unicode. pp. 4, 70.
  4. ^ Sidi, Bodufenvalhuge (1959). "Divehi Akuru". Academia (in Divehi and English).
  5. ^ "Unicode 13.0.0". unicode.org. Retrieved 2020-02-06.

See also

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