Pope Pius V

Antonio Ghislieri was born 17 January 1504 in Bosco in the Duchy of Milan (now Bosco Marengo in the province of Alessandria,^[7] Piedmont), Italy. At the age of fourteen he entered the Dominican Order, taking the name Michele, passing from the monastery of Voghera to that of Vigevano, and thence to Bologna. Ordained a priest at Genoa in 1528, he was sent by his order to Pavia, where he lectured for sixteen years. At Parma he advanced thirty propositions in support of the papacy and against Protestantism.

He became master of novices and was on several occasions elected prior of more than one Dominican priory. During a time of great moral laxity, he insisted on discipline, and strove to develop the practice of the monastic virtues. He fasted, did penance, passed long hours of the night in meditation and prayer, traveled on foot without a cloak in deep silence, or only speaking to his companions of the things of God. As his reformist zeal provoked resentment, he was compelled to return to

In 1556 he was made

Before Michele Ghislieri could return to his diocese, Pope Pius IV died. On 4 January, a courier from Spain arrived, prompting rumors that King Philip II favoured the election of Cardinal Ghislieri. This in turn gave additional momentum to the efforts of Cardinal Charles Borromeo and his allies, who already supported the candidacy of Ghislieri. As the cardinals conferred with each other more intensely, the number of those who looked to Ghislieri increased, and this led eventually to his election as the new pope on the afternoon of 8 January 1566.^[10] Ghislieri took the regnal name Pope Pius V.^[7] He was crowned ten days later, on his 62nd birthday by the protodeacon.

Six weeks after the conclave, Cardinal Borromeo wrote to Cardinal Henry of Portugal recalling the election. He spoke of the new pope, and of his "high esteem for him on account of his singular holiness and zeal", seeing these qualities as a sign that he would make a good pope "to the great satisfaction of all".

Pontificate

His pontificate saw him dealing with internal reform of the Church, the spread of Protestant doctrines in the West, and Turkish armies advancing from the East.

Church discipline

Aware of the necessity of restoring discipline and morality at Rome to ensure success, he at once proceeded to reduce the cost of the papal court after the manner of the Dominican Order to which he belonged, compel residence among the clergy, regulated inns, and assert the importance of the ceremonial in general and the liturgy of the Mass in particular.

In his wider policy, which was characterized throughout by an effective stringency, the maintenance and increase of the efficacy of the Inquisition and the enforcement of the canons and decrees of the Council of Trent had precedence over other considerations.^[5]

Liturgy

Accordingly, to implement a decision of that council, he standardized the Mass by promulgating the 1570 edition of the Roman Missal. Pius V made this Missal mandatory throughout the Latin Church, except where a Mass liturgy dating from before 1370 AD was in use.^[11][12] This form of the Mass remained essentially unchanged for 400 years until Pope Paul VI's revision of the Roman Missal in 1969–70, after which it has become widely known as the Tridentine Mass.^[13] This missal continues to be used in about 90 countries^[14] and by several religious orders.

Thomism

Pius V, who had declared Thomas Aquinas the fifth Latin Doctor of the Church in 1567, commissioned the first edition of Aquinas' opera omnia, often called the editio Piana in honor of the Pope. This work was produced in 1570 at the studium generale of the Dominican Order at Santa Maria sopra Minerva, which would be transformed into the College of Saint Thomas in 1577, and again into the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, Angelicum in the 20th century.^[15]

Holy League

Pius V arranged the forming of the

The Protestant Reformation

By the time Pius V ascended the throne, Protestantism had swept over all of England and Scotland, as well as half of Germany, the Netherlands, and parts of France; only Spain, Ireland, Portugal and Italy remained unswervingly Catholic. Pius V was thus determined to prevent its insurgency into Italy—which he believed would come via the Alps and Milan.

In the first year of his papacy, Pius urged Mary, Queen of Scots to restore Catholicism in her realm, providing funding and sending Jesuit Vincenzo Lauro to Scotland as Nuncio to further this cause. However, with Mary's Protestant half-brother James Stewart, Earl of Moray, back at the heart of government and her Catholic husband Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, in disfavour, the political circumstances did not prove favourable.^[17]

Huguenots

Pius V recognized attacks on papal supremacy in the Catholic Church and was desirous of limiting their advancement. In France, where his influence was stronger, he took several measures to oppose the Protestant Huguenots. He directed the dismissal of Cardinal Odet de Coligny^[18] and seven bishops, nullified the royal edict tolerating the extramural services of the Reformers, introduced the Roman catechism, restored papal discipline, and strenuously opposed all compromise with the Huguenot nobility.

Elizabeth I

His response to Queen

As a young man, Michele Ghislieri was eager to join the

Upon election to the papacy as Pius V, Ghislieri immediately started to get rid of many of the extravagant luxuries then prevalent in the court. One of his first acts was to dismiss the papal

It is said that in "the time of a great famine in Rome, he imported grain at his own expense from Sicily and France [...]; a considerable part of which he distributed among the poor, gratis, and sold the rest to the public below cost."[22]

Papal bulls

Katherine Rinne writes in Waters of Rome^[23] that Pius V ordered the construction of public works to improve the water supply and sewer system of the city—a welcome step, particularly in low-lying areas, where typhoid and malaria were inevitable summer visitors.

In 1567, he issued Super prohibitione agitationis Taurorum & Ferarum prohibiting bull-fighting.^[24]

Besides

(September 1571).

Papal garments

Pius V is often credited with the origin of the Pope's white garments, supposedly because after his election Pius continued to wear his white Dominican habit. However, many of his predecessors also wore white with a red mozzetta, as can be seen on many paintings where neither they nor Pius is wearing a cassock, but thin, wide, white garments.

An article by Agostino Paravicini Bagliani in L'Osservatore Romano of 31 August 2013 states that the earliest document that speaks explicitly of the Pope wearing white is the Ordo XIII, a book of ceremonies compiled in about 1274 under Pope Gregory X. From that date onward, the books of ceremonies speak ever more explicitly of the Pope as wearing a red mantle, mozzetta, camauro and shoes, and a white cassock and stockings.^[27][28]

Canonizations

Pius V canonized one saint during his reign: Ivo of Chartres on 18 December 1570.

Consistories

Main article: Cardinals created by Pius V

Pius V created 21 cardinals in three consistories including Felice Piergentile who would become Pope Sixtus V.

Death and canonization

Pope Saint Pius V
5 May (pre-1969)
Attributes	Papal vestments Papal tiara Dominican habit
Patronage	Valletta, Malta Bosco Marengo, Italy

Pius V died on 1 May 1572. Pius V suffered from

Liberian basilica

. His remains were transferred there on 9 January 1588.

In 1696, the process of Pius V's

canonized by Pope Clement XI (1700–21) on 22 May 1712.^[32][33]

In the following year, 1713, his

feast day was inserted in the General Roman Calendar, for celebration on 5 May, with the rank of "Double", the equivalent of "Third-Class Feast" in the General Roman Calendar of 1960, and of its present rank of "Memorial".^[34]

In 1969 the celebration was moved to 30 April, the day before the anniversary of his death (1 May).

Cardinal John Henry Newman declared that "St. Pius V was stern and severe, as far as a heart burning and melted with divine love could be so ... Yet such energy and vigour as his were necessary for the times. He was a soldier of Christ in a time of insurrection and rebellion, when in a spiritual sense, martial law was proclaimed."^[8]

The front of his tomb has a lid of gilded bronze which shows a likeness of the dead pope. Most of the time this is left open to allow the veneration of the saint's relics.

See also

• Cardinals created by Pius V
• List of popes
• List of Catholic saints
• Pope Saint Pius V, patron saint archive

References

1. ^ Canonici regolari di sant'Agostino : Congregazione del santissimo Salvatore (1730). Bullarium Canonicorum regularium Rhenanæ congregationis sanctissimi Salvatoris, seu Congeries privilegiorum ab Apostolica Sancta Sede, & ab episcopis eisdem concessorum: item decreta sacrarum congregationum, aliorumque tribunalium declarationes in ipsorum favorem emanata, cuncta in duas partes divisa ... Opus utile, non modò præfatæ, sed etiam aliis canonicorum regularium congregationibus, quod eidem sanctissimo domino nostro Benedicto 13. pontifici maximo consecrat domnus Apollonius Lupi abbas generalis eorundem canonicorum regularium, & episcopus Himeriensis: Secunda pars privilegiorum sub titulo oneroso, necnon declarationum, cum indice in fine. typographia Reverendæ Cameræ apostolicæ. p. 87.R.P.D. Thomae Del Bene clerici regularis, ... De officio S. Inquisitionis circa hæresim: cum bullis, tam veteribus, quam recentioribus, ad eandem materiam, seu ad idem officium spectantibus; & locis theologicis in ordine ad qualificandas propositiones, pars prior \-posterior!, synopsi materiarum, et indice rerum, notabilium in hoc volumine contentarum illustrata. 1680. p. 665."Ps 118:5 VULGATE;DRA - utinam dirigantur viae meae ad - Bible Gateway". Bible Gateway. Retrieved 17 March 2016.
2. ^ Durant, William 'Will'; Durant, Ethel 'Ariel' (1961), Age of Reason Begins, The Story of Civilisation, vol. 7, Simon & Schuster, pp. 238–39
3. Benziger Brothers
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5. ^ ^{a b c d} Lataste, Joseph. "Pope St. Pius V." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 12. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 18 July 2016
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10. ^ "Sede Vacante 1565-1566". 26 October 2015. Retrieved 21 January 2019.
11. ^ Daniel Keyte Sandford; Allan Cunningham Thomas Thompson (1841). The Popular Encyclopedia. p. 842.
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13. ISBN 978-0-87973-669-9
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14. ^ www.uk.paix-liturgique.org. "Paix Liturgique Anglais". www.uk.paix-liturgique.org. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
15. ISBN 9781883734183
    , retrieved 24 April 2011
16. ^ "The Story of Don John of Austria". Nobility.org. 11 October 2010. Archived from the original on 21 July 2018. Retrieved 23 June 2013.
17. ISBN 9781526787798
18. ^ Joseph Mendham (1832). The life and pontificate of Saint Pius V. London. p. 54.
19. ^ Ehler, Sidney Z., Church and State Through the Centuries, (Biblo-Moser, 1988), 180.
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21. ^ Norwich 2011, p. 319. sfn error: no target: CITEREFNorwich2011 (help)
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24. ^ Widener, Michael (17 December 2014). "A papal bull against bullfighting". library.law.yale.edu.
25. ^ "Pio V – Antonio Michele Ghislieri (1504–1572)", Cronologia [Chronology] (in Italian), IT: Leonardo, archived from the original on 4 December 2016, retrieved 27 January 2014, ...la denuncia del dirum nefas, "l'esecrabile vizio libidinoso"..
26. ISBN 0-486-29078-6
    . p. 118.
27. ^ "Vatican newspaper examines history of red, white papal garb". Catholic culture. 2 September 2013. ...the first document that mentions the Pope's white cassock dates from 1274.
28. ^ "From red to white", L'Osservatore Romano, VA, archived from the original on 3 December 2013
29. ^ von Freiherr, Ludwig (1891). The history of the popes, from the close of the middle ages : drawn from the secret Archives of the Vatican and other original sources; from the German. London, J. Hodges. pp. 450–453. Retrieved 8 October 2021.
30. ^ Menham, Joseph (1832). The life and pontificate of Saint Pius the Fifth: sujoined is a reimpression of a historic deduction of the Episcopal oath of allegiance to the Pope, in the Church of Rome. London : J. Duncan. p. 222. Retrieved 8 October 2021.
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32. ^ "Pope Pius V". Catholic Hierarchy. 29 September 2013. Retrieved 26 February 2014.
33. ISBN 978-0-521-50987-9
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34. ^ General Roman Calendar.

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Pope St. Pius V". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.

Further reading

• St Pius V, by Robin Anderson, TAN Books and Publishers, Inc, 1973/78.
  ISBN 0-89555-354-6

External links

• Media related to Pius V (category) at Wikimedia Commons
• Works by or about Pius V at Wikisource
• Quotations related to Pope Pius V at Wikiquote

Catholic Church titles
Preceded by Pius IV	Pope 7 January 1566 – 1 May 1572	Succeeded by Gregory XIII