Communist Party of India (Marxist), Kerala
Communist Party of India (Marxist), Kerala | |
---|---|
Chairperson | Pinarayi Vijayan |
Secretary | M. V. Govindan |
Headquarters | "A. K. G. Center Thiruvananthapuram |
Newspaper | Deshabhimani |
Student wing | Students Federation (SFI Kerala) |
Youth wing | Democratic Youth Federation (DYFI Kerala) |
Women's wing | Democratic Women's Association (AIDWA Kerala) |
Labour wing | Centre of Indian Trade Unions (CITU) |
Membership | 5,27,174 (2022) |
Ideology | Communism |
Political position | Left-wing[1] |
Alliance |
|
Seats in Lok Sabha | 1 / 20 (Kerala) |
Seats in Rajya Sabha | 4 / 9 (Kerala) |
Seats in Kerala Legislative Assembly | 62 / 140 |
Election symbol | |
Party flag | |
Website | |
cpimkerala | |
The Communist Party of India (Marxist), Kerala or CPI(M) Kerala is the Kerala state wing of CPIM. It is responsible for organizing and coordinating the party's activities and campaigns within the state, as well as selecting candidates for local, state, and national elections. Currently, it is the governing party in the Kerala Legislative Assembly and has significant representation of the state in Rajya Sabha.[2] The CPIM currently leads the LDF alliance.
History
Background
In July 1937, a clandestine meeting was held at
In 1946,
In
Formation of CPI(M) in Kerala
After the
In the
Emergency rule in Kerala
During the emergency rule, when communists in Kerala were organising the political activities from different hide-outs, many CPI(M) members and leaders including current chief minister of Kerala Pinarayi Vijayan was imprisoned for one and a half years. He was arrested and tortured by police.[11] After his release, Pinarayi Vijayan reached the Kerala Legislative Assembly and made an impassionate speech against senior Congress leader K. Karunakaran holding up the blood-stained shirt he wore when in police custody, causing serious embarrassment to the then C. Achutha Menon government.[12] Hundreds of Communists, whether from the CPI(M), other Marxist parties, or the Naxalites, were arrested during the Emergency.[13] Some were tortured or, as in the case of the Kerala student P. Rajan, killed.[14][15]
Formation of Left Democratic Front alliance
In the late 1970s and early 1980s, two main pre-poll political alliances were formed: the Left Democratic Front (LDF), led by the Communist Party of India (Marxist) and Communist Party of India and the United Democratic Front (UDF), led by the Indian National Congress.[16]
Nayanar Era (1980 - 2001)
Since the formation of the alliance in 1980,
Timeline
- 1925 - Workers and Peasants Party formed which later helped to form Communist Party of India.[20]
- 1925 - Communist Party of India founded in Kanpur on 26 December 1925.[21]
- 1931 - Trivandrum, Kerala, in 1931
- 1934 - Formation of ComIntern.[22]
- 1935 - All India member of Madras.[23]
- 1937 - A meeting was held in Calicut between E.M.S. Namboodiripad, A. K. Gopalan, K. Damodaran, N. C. Sekhar and S.V. Ghate whom were members of Congress Socialist Party (CSP)
- 1939-40 - Split in Congress. Communist Party of India walked away with the entire Kerala Congress unit.[24]
- 1940 - Formation of Communist Party of India in Kerala
- 1946 -
- 1947 - India gains independence from British Raj.
- 1952 - In the 1952 Travancore-Cochin Legislative Assembly election, Communist Party of India was banned to contest election.[26]
- 1956 - Kerala state was formed comprising South Canara (Kasaragod region), Malabar, Cochin, and Travancore.[27]
- 1957 - First E.M.S. Namboodiripad sworn in as first chief minister of Kerala.[29]
- 1959 - Dismissal of government following Liberation Struggle.[30]
- 1963 - Split in leadership of Communist Party of India (CPI).
- 1964 - Formation of Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M)).[31]
- 1967 - CPI(M) led United Front Alliance won the Forth Kerala Legislative assembly election with over 113 of 133 seats. The alliance included CPI and Muslim League.
- 1980 - Formation of CPI(M) led Left Democratic Front (LDF) alliance.
Structure and composition
List of state secretaries of CPI(M) Kerala
No. | Portrait | Secretary (Birth–Death) |
Term | Total Years as secretary |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | C.H. Kanaran (1909–1972) |
1964–1972 | 8 Years | |
2 | E. K. Nayanar (1919–2004) |
1972–1980 | 8 Years | |
3 | V. S. Achuthanandan (1923–) |
1980–1992 | 12 Years | |
4 | E. K. Nayanar (1919–2004) |
1992–1996 | 4 Years | |
5 | Chadayan Govindan (1929–1998) |
1996-1998 | 2 Years | |
6 | Pinarayi Vijayan (1945–) |
25 September 1998 – 23 February 2015 | 17 Years | |
7 | Kodiyeri Balakrishnan (1953–2022) |
23 February 2015 – 28 August 2022 | 7 Years | |
8 | M. V. Govindan (1953–) |
31 August 2022–present | Incumbent |
List of Polit Bureau members from CPI(M) Kerala
No. | Portrait | Name | Period |
---|---|---|---|
1 | E. M. S. Namboodiripad | 1964 - 1998 | |
2 | A. K. Gopalan | 1964 - 1977 | |
3 | E. Balanandan | 1978 - 2005 | |
4 | V. S. Achuthanandan | 1986 - 2009 | |
5 | E. K. Nayanar | 1992 - 2004 | |
6 | S. Ramachandran Pillai | 1992 - 2022 | |
7 | Pinarayi Vijayan | 1998–present | |
8 | Kodiyeri Balakrishnan | 2008 - 2022 | |
9 | M. A. Baby | 2012–present | |
10 | M. V. Govindan | 2022–present | |
11 | A. Vijayaraghavan | 2022–present |
Current State Secretariat Leaders
Source:[32]
No. | Leader's name | Born (Age) |
---|---|---|
1 | Pinarayi Vijayan | 24 May 1945 |
2 | A. K. Balan | 3 August 1948 |
3 | P. K. Sreemathy | 4 April 1949 |
4 | E. P. Jayarajan | 28 May 1950 |
5 | T. P. Ramakrishnan | 15 June 1950 |
6 | T. M. Thomas Isaac | 26 September 1952 |
7 | M. V. Govindan | 23 April 1953 |
8 | V. N. Vasavan | 3 March 1954 |
9 | K. N. Balagopal | 28 July 1963 |
10 | Saji Cherian | 28 May 1965 |
11 | P. Rajeeve | 13 May 1968 |
12 | P. K. Biju | 3 April 1974 |
13 | P. A. Mohammed Riyas | 18 May 1976 |
14 | M. Swaraj | 27 May 1979 |
Principal mass organisations
No. | Organisation Name | Association for | President |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Democratic Youth Federation of India (DYFI) | Youth | V. Vaseef |
2 | Students' Federation of India (SFI) | Students | P. M. Arsho |
3 | Centre of Indian Trade Unions (CITU) | Trade union | Elamaram Kareem |
4 | All India Democratic Women's Association (AIDWA) | Women | P. K. Sreemathy |
5 | Balasangam | Children
|
Arya Rajendran |
6 | Bank Employees Federation of India (BEFI) | Bank | C. J. Nandakumar |
7 | Adivasi Kshema Samithi (AKS)
|
Tribal | K. C. Kunhiraman |
8 | All India Agricultural Workers Union
|
Agricultural Workers | A. Vijayaraghavan |
9 | All India Kisan Sabha | Farmers | Valsan Panoli |
10 | Coffee Farmers’ Federation of India | Coffee Farmers | M. M. Mani |
11 | Purogama Kalasahitya Sangham | Writers and Artists | Shaji N. Karun |
12 | Kerala NGO Union | Non Gusseted Officers | M. V. Sashidharan |
13 | Association of Kerala Govt. College Teachers | Govt. College Teachers | Prof. (Dr.) Manoj N. |
14 | All Kerala Private College Teachers' Association | Private College Teachers' Association | Nisanth A |
15 | Kerala School Teachers Union | School Teachers |
District Secretaries
No. | District | District Secretary |
---|---|---|
1 | Thiruvananthapuram | V. Joy[33] |
2 | Kollam | S. Vasudevan[34] |
3 | Alappuzha | R. Naser [34] |
4 | Pathanamthitta | K. P. Udhayabanu[32] |
5 | Kottayam | A. V. Rasal [32] |
6 | Idukki | C.V. Varghese [32] |
7 | Ernakulam | C. V. Mohanan[32] |
8 | Thrissur | M. M. Varghese [32] |
9 | Palakkad | E.N. Suresh Babu [32] |
10 | Malappuram | E.V. Mohan Das[32] |
11 | Kozhikode | P. Mohanan Master[32] |
12 | Wayanad | P. Gagarin[32] |
13 | Kannur | M. V. Jayarajan[32] |
14 | Kasaragod | M.V. Balakrishnan Master[32] |
List of Chief Ministers from CPI(M)
№ | Portrait | Name Ministry (Year) |
Length of term | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Longest continuous term | Total years of premiership | |||
1 | E. M. S. Namboodiripad 1st Namboodiripad (1957–1959) 2nd Namboodiripad (1967–1969) |
2 years, 240 days | 4 years 357 days | |
2 | 3rd Nayanar (1996–2001) |
5 years, 27 days | 11 years, 10 days | |
3 | Achuthanandan (2006–2011) |
4 years, 364 days | 4 years, 364 days | |
4 | Pinarayi Vijayan 1st Pinarayi (2016–2021) 2nd Pinarayi (2021–present) |
8 years, 4 days | 8 years, 4 days |
Kerala Assembly election results
Year | Party leader | Overall votes | % of overall votes | Total seats | seats won/ seats contensted |
Change in seats |
Outcome | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
As Communist Party of India | ||||||||||
1957 | E. M. S. Namboodiripad | 2,059,547 | 35.28% | 126 | 60 / 101
|
new | Government | |||
1960 | 3,171,732 | 39.14% | 126 | 29 / 108
|
20 | Opposition | ||||
As Communist Party of India (Marxist) | ||||||||||
1965 | E. M. S. Namboodiripad | 1,257,869 | 19.87% | 133 | 40 / 73
|
new | No Result | |||
1967 | 1,476,456 | 23.51% | 133 | 52 / 59
|
12 | Government | ||||
1970 | N/A | N/A | 133 | 29 / 70
|
23 | Opposition | ||||
1977 | 1,946,051 | 22.2 % | 140 | 17 / 68
|
12 | Opposition | ||||
1980 | E. K. Nayanar | 1,846,312 | 19.4% | 140 | 35 / 50
|
18 | Government | |||
1982 | 1,798,198 | 18.8% | 140 | 28 / 51
|
7 | Opposition | ||||
1987 | 2,912,999 | 22.8 % | 140 | 38 / 70
|
10 | Government | ||||
1991 | 3,129,523 | 22.1 % | 140 | 28 / 65
|
10 | Opposition | ||||
1996 | V. S. Achuthanandan | 3,078,723 | 21.6 % | 140 | 40 / 62
|
12 | Government | |||
2001 | 3,361,827 | 21.4 % | 140 | 24 / 65
|
16 | Opposition | ||||
2006 | 4,732,381 | 30.4 % | 140 | 61 / 85
|
37 | Government | ||||
2011 | 4,921,354 | 28.2 % | 140 | 44 / 84
|
17 | Opposition | ||||
2016 | Pinarayi Vijayan | 5,365,472 | 26.7 % | 140 | 58 / 84
|
14 | Government | |||
2021 | 5,288,502 | 25.5 % | 140 | 62 / 75
|
4 | Government |
Loksabha election results of CPI (M) in Kerala
Year | Legislature | Party State Secretary | Total constituencies | Seats won / contested | Change in seats | Total votes | Per. of votes | Change in vote % | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1967 | 4th Lok Sabha | C. H. Kanaran | 19 | 9 / 9
|
New | 1,540,027 | 24.6 % | New | [35] |
1971 | 5th Lok Sabha | 19 | 2 / 11
|
7 | 1,711,442 | 26.2 % | 1.60% | [36] | |
1977 | 6th Lok Sabha | E. K. Nayanar | 20 | 0 / 9
|
2 | 1,800,193 | 20.3 % | 5.90% | [37] |
1980 | 7th Lok Sabha | 20 | 7 / 8
|
7 | 1,754,387 | 21.5 % | 1.20% | [38] | |
1984 | 8th Lok Sabha | V. S. Achuthanandan | 20 | 1 / 10
|
6 | 2,425,965 | 22.3 % | 0.80% | [39][40] |
1989 | 9th Lok Sabha | 20 | 2 / 10
|
1 | 3,411,227 | 22.9 % | 0.70% | [41] | |
1991 | 10th Lok Sabha | 20 | 3 / 9
|
1 | 2,952,043 | 20.7 % | 2.20% | [42][43] | |
1996 | 11th Lok Sabha | Chadayan Govindan | 20 | 5 / 9
|
2 | 3,044,369 | 21.2 % | 0.50% | [44] |
1998 | 12th Lok Sabha | Pinarayi Vijayan | 20 | 6 / 9
|
1 | 3,121,636 | 21.0 % | 0.20% | [45] |
1999 | 13th Lok Sabha | 20 | 8 / 12
|
2 | 4,290,986 | 27.9 % | 6.90% | [46] | |
2004 | 14th Lok Sabha | 20 | 12 / 13
|
4 | 4,754,567 | 31.5 % | 3.60% | [47] | |
2009 | 15th Lok Sabha | 20 | 4 / 14
|
8 | 4,887,333 | 30.5 % | 1.00% | [48] | |
2014 | 16th Lok Sabha | 20 | 5 / 10
|
1 | 3,880,655 | 21.8 % | 8.70% | [49] | |
2019 | 17th Lok Sabha | Kodiyeri Balakrishnan | 20 | 1 / 14
|
4 | 5,266,510 | 26.0 % | 4.20% | [50] |
List of elected members
Rajya Sabha
# | Name[51] | Party | Term Start[52] | Term End[52] | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | A. A. Rahim
|
CPM | 03-Apr-2022 | 03-Apr-2028 | |
2 | V. Sivadasan | CPM | 24-Apr-2021 | 23-Apr-2027 | |
3 | John Brittas | CPM | 24-Apr-2021 | 23-Apr-2027 | |
4 | Elamaram Kareem | CPM | 02-Jul-2018 | 01-Jul-2024 |
Lok Sabha
# | Constituency | Name | Party | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Alappuzha
|
A. M. Ariff | CPI(M) |
See also
- Politics in Kerala
- Left Democratic Front
- Communism in Kerala
- Communist Party of India (Marxist), Tripura
- Communist Party of India (Marxist), West Bengal
- Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee
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