Kannur

Coordinates: 11°52′28.2″N 75°22′13.4″E / 11.874500°N 75.370389°E / 11.874500; 75.370389
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
"Cannanore" redirects here. For other uses, see Cannanore (disambiguation).
This article is about the city in Kerala, India. For the former city state, see Kolathunadu. For the district, see Kannur district. For the town in Karnataka, see Kannur, Dakshina Kannada.

Kannur
Cannanore
Azhikode)
Area
[1][2]
 • Metropolis78.35 km2 (30.25 sq mi)
 • Metro
1,003 km2 (387 sq mi)
 • Rank5
Elevation
38.78 m (127.23 ft)
Population
 (2011)[1][2]
 • Metropolis232,486
 • Rank6
 • Density3,000/km2 (7,700/sq mi)
 • Metro
[3]
1,640,986
DemonymKannurkaran (Male)

Kannurkari (Female)

Kannurkar (Plural)
Azhikode
Websitewww.kannur.nic.in kannurcorporation.lsgkerala.gov.in

Kannur (Malayalam:

city and a municipal corporation in the state of Kerala, India. It is the administrative headquarters of the Kannur district and situated 274 kilometres (170 mi) north of the major port city and commercial hub Kochi and 137 kilometres (85 mi) south of the major port city and a commercial hub, Mangalore. During the period of British colonial rule in India, when Kannur was a part of the Malabar District (Madras Presidency), the city was known as Cannanore. Kannur is the sixth largest urban agglomeration in Kerala.[4] As of 2011 census, Kannur Municipal Corporation, the local body which administers mainland area of city, had a population of 232,486.[1][5]

Kannur was the headquarters of

British Indian Empire, along with the municipalities of Thalassery, Kozhikode, Palakkad and Fort Kochi
, making them the first modern municipalities in the state. It was upgraded into a municipal corporation in 2015.

Muzhappilangad beach is the longest drive-in beach in Asia and appeared among the top six best beaches for driving in the world in a BBC Top Gear article.[10] During British rule, Kannur's chief importance laid in producing Thalassery pepper
.

History

Main article: History of Kannur
See also: Kolathunadu
Names, routes and locations of the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea (1st century CE)
Kannur Lighthouse
Payyambalam beach
Kolattiri Raja's (The ruler of Kannur) minister Kuruppu's Arabic letter to Vasco da Gama (1524)

Pre-history and Ancient era

The earliest evidence of human habitation in the region are rock-cut caves and megalithic burial sites of the

Sangam period.[13]

According to the

sesterces.[14] Pliny the Elder mentioned that Limyrike was prone by pirates.[15] The Cosmas Indicopleustes mentioned that the Limyrike was a source of peppers.[16][17]

The kingdom of

Wayanad hills in the 5th century CE when he was lost to Cheras, just before his execution in a battle, according to the Sangam works.[19]

Early Middle Ages

According to

Dharmadam, Panthalayani, and Chaliyam, were built during the era of Malik Dinar, and they are among the oldest Masjids in the Indian subcontinent.[24] It is believed that Malik Dinar died at Thalangara in Kasaragod town.[25]

Mappila Bay harbour at Ayikkara. On one side, there is St. Angelo Fort (built in 1505) and on the other side is Arakkal palace.

Ezhimala kingdom was succeeded by

Mushika Royal Family up until that point.[26] The Indian anthropologist Ayinapalli Aiyappan states that a powerful and warlike clan of the Bunt community of Tulu Nadu was called Kola Bari and the Kolathiri Raja of Kolathunadu was a descendant of this clan.[27] The kingdom of Kolathunadu, who were the descendants of Mushika dynasty, at the peak of its power reportedly extended from Netravati River (Mangalore) in the north[26] to Korapuzha (Kozhikode) in the south with Arabian Sea
on the west and
Kodagu hills on the eastern boundary, also including the isolated islands of Lakshadweep in the Arabian Sea.[18]

An

Calicut, in the early medieval period.[31]

Kannur was an important trading center in the 12th century, with active business connections with

Arabia. The port at Kozhikode held the superior economic and political position in medieval Kerala coast, while Kannur, Kollam, and Kochi, were commercially important secondary ports, where the traders from various parts of the world would gather.[32]

Era of European influences

Kannur served as the

taluk of Malabar District in the Madras Presidency. During the period of Company rule in India, the East India Company
preferred Madras and Cochin as their major stations and Kannur started to lose its old glory. The people of Kannur are still waiting for their old glory to get back and they feel they are being sidelined because the state administration is located the exact opposite side of the state. Part of the original city of Kannur was under Kerala's only Muslim Royalty called the Arakkal and this area is still known as city.

The Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama arrived at Kappad Kozhikode in 1498 during the Age of Discovery, thus opening a direct sea route from Europe to South Asia.[33] In 1501 a Portuguese factory was planted here by Pedro Álvares Cabral, and in 1502 da Gama made a treaty with the Raja.[4] The St. Angelo Fort at Kannur was built in 1505 by Dom Francisco de Almeida, the first Portuguese Viceroy of India. The Dutch captured the fort from the Portuguese in 1663. They modernised the fort and built the bastions Hollandia, Zeelandia, and Frieslandia that are the major features of the present structure. The original Portuguese fort was pulled down later. A painting of this fort and the fishing ferry behind it can be seen in the Rijksmuseum Amsterdam. The Dutch sold the fort to king Ali Raja of Arakkal in 1772.

During the 17th century, Kannur was the capital city of the only

Madras province in the Malabar
District.

In 1761, the British captured Mahé, and the settlement was handed over to the ruler of Kadathanadu.[37] The British restored Mahé to the French as a part of the 1763 Treaty of Paris.[37] In 1779, the Anglo-French war broke out, resulting in the French loss of Mahé.[37] In 1783, the British agreed to restore to the French their settlements in India, and Mahé was handed over to the French in 1785.[37]

Initially the British had to suffer local resistance against their rule under the leadership of

Wayanad region.[11] The guerrilla war launched by Pazhassi Raja, the ruler of Kottayam province, against the East India Company had a huge impact on the history of Kannur. Changes in the socio-economic and political sectors in Kerala during the initial decades of the 20th century created conditions congenial for the growth of the Communist Party. Extension of English education initiated by Christian missionaries in 1906 and later carried forward by government, rebellion for wearing a cloth to cover upper parts of body, installing an idol at Aruvippuram in 1888, Malayali Memorial in 1891, establishment of SNDP Yogam in 1903, activities, struggles etc. became factors helpful to accelerate changes in Kerala society during a short time. These movements eventually coalesced into the Indian independence movement
.

Very soon, ideas about socialism and

Soviet Revolution reached Kerala. Such ideas got propagated in Kerala through the works of Swadeshabhimani Ramakrishna Pillai, Sahodaran Ayyappan, P. Kesavadev and others. By the beginning of the 1930s, some other useful developments were taking place. Important among them was Nivarthana Agitation in Travancore. That was the demand of people suppressed so far as untouchables and weaker sections for participation in government. This brought to the forefront struggles like proportional representation in government and reservation of jobs. This imparted a new enthusiasm among oppressed masses.[38]

Geography and climate

See also: Tourist attractions in Kannur
Western Ghat regions of Kodagu and Wayanad, and east of the Laccadive Sea. Mappila Bay harbour at Ayikkara. On one side, there is St. Angelo Fort (built in 1505) and on the other side is Arakkal palace. Muzhappilangad Beach, the longest Drive-in Beach in Asia, is located in Kannur. Vayalapra Lake is near Madayi
.

Climate

Kannur experiences a very wet

Southwest monsoon. The annual average rainfall is 3,438 millimetres or 135 inches, around 68 per cent of which is received in summer.[39]

Climate data for Kannur (1981–2010, extremes 1978–2012)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 36.7
(98.1) 		37.6
(99.7) 		38.5
(101.3) 		38.3
(100.9) 		37.7
(99.9) 		36.8
(98.2) 		33.0
(91.4) 		33.2
(91.8) 		34.0
(93.2) 		35.0
(95.0) 		37.0
(98.6) 		35.8
(96.4) 		38.5
(101.3)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 33.1
(91.6) 		33.6
(92.5) 		34.2
(93.6) 		34.4
(93.9) 		33.5
(92.3) 		30.1
(86.2) 		29.2
(84.6) 		29.4
(84.9) 		30.4
(86.7) 		31.2
(88.2) 		32.4
(90.3) 		32.9
(91.2) 		32.0
(89.6)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 21.5
(70.7) 		22.4
(72.3) 		24.2
(75.6) 		25.6
(78.1) 		25.3
(77.5) 		23.6
(74.5) 		23.1
(73.6) 		23.1
(73.6) 		23.3
(73.9) 		23.4
(74.1) 		23.0
(73.4) 		21.9
(71.4) 		23.4
(74.1)
Record low °C (°F) 16.4
(61.5) 		17.8
(64.0) 		19.0
(66.2) 		21.7
(71.1) 		20.0
(68.0) 		20.6
(69.1) 		20.4
(68.7) 		20.7
(69.3) 		20.9
(69.6) 		19.4
(66.9) 		17.8
(64.0) 		16.1
(61.0) 		16.1
(61.0)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 0.7
(0.03) 		0.6
(0.02) 		23.8
(0.94) 		52.9
(2.08) 		229.4
(9.03) 		995.2
(39.18) 		830.5
(32.70) 		541.2
(21.31) 		230.3
(9.07) 		270.1
(10.63) 		117.3
(4.62) 		28.1
(1.11) 		3,320.1
(130.72)
Average rainy days 0.2 0.1 0.8 2.8 7.7 23.7 25.5 21.8 11.2 11.2 4.9 1.1 111
Average
relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST
) 		63 64 66 67 71 84 86 84 81 78 73 65 73
Source: India Meteorological Department[40][41]

Civic administration

Skyline of Kannur city

Kannur municipality was formed on 1 November 1866 according to the Madras Act 10 of 1865 (Amendment of the Improvements in Towns act 1850)

British Indian Empire, along with the municipalities of Thalassery, Kozhikode, Palakkad, and Fort Kochi, making them the first modern municipalities in the state. It was upgraded into a Municipal Corporation in the year 2015.[42]

The city is administered by the

Puzhathi, Edakkad, Elayavoor, and Chelora.[42]

Kannur Municipal Corporation
Mayor Adv. T. O. Mohanan[45]
Deputy Mayor
 K. Shabeena[46]
Secretary D. Saju[47]
Member of Parliament K. Sudhakaran[48]
District Collector
 T. V. Subhash IAS[49]
City Police Commissioner
 R. Ilango IPS[50]

Kannur Corporation is the fifth City Corporation in Kerala after the creation of the state. Established in 2015, Kannur Corporation's first mayor was E. P. Latha.

Kannur
parliamentary constituency.

Kannur Municipal Corporation Election 2020

Kannur Municipal Corporation Election 2020[52]
S.No. Party Name Party symbol Number of Councillors
01 UDF 34
02
LDF
 19
03 BJP 01
04 Independents 01

Kannur Municipal Corporation Election 2015

Kannur Municipal Corporation Election 2015[53]
S.No. Party Name Party symbol Number of Councillors
01 UDF 27
02
LDF
 27
03 Independents 01

Law and order

The Kannur City Police is headed by a commissioner, an Indian Police Service (IPS) officer. The city is divided into some zones each under a circle officer. Apart from regular law and order, the city police comprise the traffic police, bomb squad, dog squad, fingerprint bureau, women's cell, juvenile wing, narcotics cell, riot force, armed reserve camps, district crime records bureau and a women's station.[54] It operates several police stations functioning under the Home Ministry of Government of Kerala.

Demographics

Religions in Kannur City (2011)

source: Kannur City Census 2011 data

  Hinduism (56.3%)
  Islam (37.9%)
  Christianity (5.0%)
  Others (0.8%)

According to the 2011 census of India,[55] Kannur city has a population of 232,486.[1][42][2][3] Males constitute 46.2% of the population and females 53.8%. Kannur has an average literacy rate of 96.23%, higher than the national average of 74.04%. Male literacy is 98% and female literacy is 94%. In Kannur, 12% of the population is under six years of age.

The

Anglo-Indian community in Kannur live mainly in the Kannur Cantonment of Burnacherry and its surrounding areas of Thillery, No.3 Bazaar and Camp Bazaar. Malayalam
is the administrative and local language.

Education

The Kannur University
Ezhimala
, Kannur, is the largest naval academy in Asia
Kendriya Vidyalaya
at Kannur, Keltron Nagar, Payyanur, Ezhimala, and Thalassery, Peringome.

Wayanad district. Kannur University
is a multi-campus university.

Government Brennen College, the first college in Kannur, established in the year 1862, provide education to more than 2500 students. Government College of Engineering, Kannur was established in 1986 near Dharmasala, Kannur as a center for imparting engineering education in northern Kerala.[56] The college is among the top ten engineering colleges of the state, providing higher studies in the field of technical education.

The Government Medical College, Kannur was established in 1993 at Pariyaram to serve Kannur city and surroundings. The thirteenth National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT) Campus is located at Dharmashala, Kannur 16 km (9.9 mi) north of Kannur City.

Media

Statue of Albert Einstein at the Science Park, Kannur

Many local cable television channels are available in Kannur. The most popular cable channels are City Channel, City Gold, City Juke, Network Channels, Zeal Network, Kannur Vision, World Vision, Worldvision Music, Chakkarakkal, Gramika channel Koothuparamba and Kannurone.

All India Radio is broadcast in Kannur at 101.5  MHz. Private FM radio stations in Kannur include:

Best FM
95.0 (Asianet Communications Ltd).

A number of newspapers are published from Kannur, including the

Mangalam, Janmabhumi, Veekshanam, Thejas, Siraj, Suprabhaatham, Janayugom and The New Indian Express
.

Kannur Cuisine

See also: Thalassery cuisine
Pathiri, a pancake made of rice flour, is one of the common breakfast dishes in Kannur
Kallummakkaya nirachathu or arikkadukka (mussels stuffed with rice)
Halwas are popular in Kannur and Thalassery

The Kannur cuisine depicts it culture and heritage. It is famous for

Malabar biriyani. The city of is also famous for Haluva called as Sweet Meat by Europeans due to the texture of the sweet. Another speciality is banana chips, which are made crisp and wafer-thin. Other popular dishes include seafood preparations (prawns, mussels, mackerel) . Vegetarian fare includes the sadya
.

Kannur cuisine is a blend of traditional

mussels) curry, irachi puttu (irachi meaning meat), parottas (soft flatbread),[57] Pathiri (a type of rice pancake)[57] and ghee rice are some of the other specialties. The characteristic use of spices is the hallmark of Kannur cuisine—black pepper, cardamom and clove
are used profusely.

The Kerala version of

Thalassery biriyani, and Kannur biriyani,[58] are prepared here.[57]

The snacks include

eggs,[57] chatti pathiri, a dessert made of flour, like a baked, layered chapati with rich filling, arikkadukka,[60] and more.[57]

Transportation

Main article:
Transportation in Kannur district
Fishing boats at Matool Azheekkal
Kannur International Airport serves the city of Kannur

Kannur has a good road network connecting to

Mangalore
. Kannur is on National Highway 66 or NH 66 (formerly National Highway 17) between Kozhikode and Mangalore. This highway is scheduled to be expanded to four lanes. A bypass for Kannur city is proposed under the NH widening project. Kannur is connected to
Coorg-Mysore
Highway. This highway is upgraded to National Highway in 2017.

Kannur railway station

Garib Rath stop at Kannur. Six daily trains and around 15 weekly or bi-weekly trains connect Kannur to the capital Thiruvananthapuram. Kannur is well connected through rail with Mangalore and Kozhikode.[61][62]
Kannur South railway station and Edakkad railway stations are located under Kannur Corporation limits. Chirakkal railway station is located north of the city. Only passenger trains halt at these three stations.

Kannur International Airport in Mattanur inaugurated on 9 December 2018. It is the fourth international airport in Kerala. The airport has a 4,000 metres (13,000 ft) runway[63] (the longest in the State) and state of the art passenger terminal as well other amenities. It is well connected by a comprehensive network of roads and a proposal for railway line has also been mooted. In the 2016–17 Union Railway budget, ₹4 billion (US$48 million) were dedicated for under Extra Budgetary Resource (EBR) in which a part of the bill will be borne by the State Government towards the railway line.

Notable people

Literature: Sukumar Azhikode, Oyyarathu Chandu Menon, Cherusseri Namboothiri, N. Prabhakaran, T. Padmanabhan, T. K. D. Muzhappilangad

Sports: Manuel Frederick, Jimmy George, V. P. Sathyan, Denson Devadas, C. K. Vineeth, Sahal Abdul Samad, Tintu Luka, Chundangapoyil Rizwan Political leaders: M. V. Raghavan, Pinarayi Vijayan, K. Karunakaran, E. K. Nayanar, K. K. Shailaja, E. Ahamed, Kodiyeri Balakrishnan, E. P. Jayarajan, Kadannappalli Ramachandran, K. Sudhakaran

Actors: Sreenivasan,

Ganapathi S Poduval, Madonna Sebastian, Sana Khan, Santhosh Keezhattoor

Filmmakers: Bejoy Nambiar, Salim Ahamed, Vineeth Sreenivasan, Dhyan Sreenivasan

Music (Composers):Kaithapram Damodaran Namboothiri, Kannur Rajan, Deepak Dev, Ifthi, Shaan Rahman, Sushin Shyam, Sayanora Philip

Music (Playback singers): Vineeth Sreenivasan, Shaan Rahman, Sushin Shyam, Sayanora Philip, Arun Alat

Cinematographer: K. U. Mohanan

Dancer: Shamna Kasim


See also

References

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External links

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