Thrissur district

Coordinates: 10°31′N 76°13′E / 10.52°N 76.21°E / 10.52; 76.21
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Thrissur district
Trichur district
District
Clockwise from top:
Thriprayar
HDI (2005)Increase 0.781[2] ( High)
Websitethrissur.nic.in

Thrissur (Malayalam: [t̪riʃ(ː)uːr] ⓘ), anglicised as Trichur, is one of the 14 districts in the Indian state of Kerala. It is situated in the central region of the state. Spanning an area of about 3,032 km2 (1,171 sq mi), the district is home to over 9% of Kerala's population.

Thrissur district is bordered by the districts of

Malayalam
.

Thrissur district was formed on 1 July 1949, with the headquarters at Thrissur City. Thrissur is known as the cultural capital of Kerala, and the land of Poorams. The district is known for its ancient temples, churches, and mosques. Thrissur Pooram is the most colourful temple festival in Kerala.

Etymology

The term 'Thrissur' is the shortened form of the word 'Thrissivaperur' which means "the town in the name of Lord Siva". The town is built on an elevated ground, at the apex of which is the famous Vadakkumnatha Temple. A place of great antiquity, Thrissur was also known as Vrishabhadripuram and 'Ten Kailasam' in classical Sanskrit texts.[3]

History

Main article: History of Thrissur
Map of City of Thrissur with Vadakkunnathan Temple prepared by John Gould in 1816.

From ancient times, Thrissur District has played a part in the political history of Kerala. The early political history of the District is interlinked with that of the

Vanchi. The whole of the present Thrissur District was included in the early Chera Empire.[3] The District can claim to have played a part in fostering the trade relations between Kerala and the outside world in the ancient and medieval period.[citation needed
]

Malabar. These three communities are the Christians, the Jews and the Muslims. The history of Thrissur district from the 9th to the 12th centuries is the history of Kulasekharas of Mahodayapuram and the history since the 12th century is the history of the rise and growth of Perumpadappu Swarupam.[citation needed
]

In 1790

Menons of royal ancestry. A large part of the Thrissur Taluk was for long under the domination of the Yogiatiripppads, the ecclesiastical heads of the Vadakkunnathan and Perumanam Devaswoms.[citation needed
]

The wave of nationalism and political consciousness which swept through the country since the early decades of this century has its repercussions in the District as well. Thrissur District has been in the forefront of the country-wide movement for temple entry and abolition of untouchability. The Guruvayur Satyagraha is a memorable episode in the history of the national movement.[citation needed]

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1901683,266—    
1911769,702+1.20%
1921813,758+0.56%
1931993,913+2.02%
19411,154,598+1.51%
19511,403,150+1.97%
19611,688,333+1.87%
19712,128,877+2.35%
19812,439,633+1.37%
19912,737,311+1.16%
20012,974,232+0.83%
20113,121,200+0.48%
20183,243,170+0.55%
source:[4]

Source: Official Statistics 2007[5]

District Thrissur
Area 3,027
Population (2011) 31,21,200
Males 14,80,763
Females 16,40,437
Sex ratio : Females/1000 1107
Density of Population 1031
Per Capita Income (in Rs) 21,362
Literacy rate 95.08%; Male 96.78%; Female 93.56%
Coastal line in km. 54
Water bodied area in ha. 5,573
Forest area in ha. 103619

According to the

Ernakulam.[9]

Malayalam is the predominant language, spoken by 98.91% of the population as of 2011.[10]

Religion

Religions in Thrissur district (2011)[11]
Religion Percent
Hinduism
 
 58.42%
Christianity
 
 24.27%
Islam
 
 17.07%
Other or not stated
 
 0.24%

Hinduism is the majority religion in Thrissur, with 58.4% of the population. Christians and Muslims form significant minority.[11]

Hindus

The

Gouda Saraswat Brahmins
) etc. The Scheduled Castes, around 12% of the population of the district, also form a section among the Hindus of the district.

Hindu shrine dedicated to the Lord Guruvayurappan, located in the town of Guruvayur in Kerala, India. It is one of the most important pilgrim centres for Hindus in South India.[12]

Christians

The

Marthomites. A notable church in the area is St. Thomas Syro-Malabar Church, Palayur
.

According to

Jesus Christ.[13] It is the first church in India , and Saint Thomas performed the first baptism in India here.[14][15][16] It is part of the Ēḻarappaḷḷikaḷ (seven major churches) that he established in India.[17] The original small church structure has been retained at the original site.[18]

Muslims

Sunnis
are the major section in Muslim community.

The first mosque in India is claimed to be

Malik Deenar, Persian tābiʿūn of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, on the orders of the successor of Cheraman Perumal, the Chera King of modern-day Kerala. The mosque was constructed in Kerala style with hanging lamps.[citation needed
]

Geography and climate

Rivers and Lakes in Thrissur District

Thrissur is situated in southwestern India (10°31′N 76°13′E / 10.52°N 76.21°E / 10.52; 76.21) and is in the central part of

Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary
of Palakkad.

The

Bharatha Puzha) are the main river systems in the district. They take their origin from the mountains on the east, and flow westward and discharge into the Arabian Sea. There are a number of tributaries also joining these main rivers. There are waterfalls such as Athirappilly Falls
which is widely known as the "Indian Niagara" nowadays. This is the only district in Kerala with the presence of both Periyar and Bharathappuzha, though they flow only a small distance through the district.

The district has a tropical humid climate with an oppressive hot season and plentiful and seasonal rainfall. Annual rainfall is about 3,000 mm (120 in). The hot season from March to May is followed by the South West Monsoon season from June to September. The period from December to February is the North East Monsoon season. However the rain stops by the end of December and the rest of the period is generally dry.

Culture

Thriprayar Shree Ramaswami Temple at Triprayar
Chalakudy River

Thrissur is known as cultural capital of Kerala.The district is known for the Thrissur Pooram. An ancient cultural center, Thrissur houses the

Vadakkumnathan
(Siva) Temple. The temple is a classical example of Kerala style of architecture and houses several sacred shrines.

Thrissur also has added to its name The

St. Thomas Syro-Malabar Church, Palayoor and the Marthoma Pontifical Shrine, Kodungallur. The Metropolitan of the Chaldean Syrian Church (the name used for the Church of the East in India) is also headquartered in Thrissur, and many religious publications are printed by Mar Narsai Press. The largest Christian pilgrim center in the district, St.Joseph's Shrine
is situated at Pavaratty. There is a legend which tells
Mariam Thresia
.

According to myth,

Cheraman Juma Masjid[19] which makes it the first mosque in India.[20][21]

Thriprayar
is another important place of worship. This ancient temple is one of the few Temples dedicated to Lord Srirama in Kerala. Incidentally, two other temples dedicated to Lord Rama, viz., the Thiruvilwamala Temple and the Kadavallur Temple, fall in Thrissur district. Thirumangalam Temple situated at Thirumangalam desam, Engandiyur, Thrissur District. The Temple facing to Gurvayur Ernakulam National Highway. In this temple, there are two idols, one is Siva and the other is Maha Vishnu. Both have same the importance. But Siva is the main Idol. Because of this the temple listed in the 108 Siva temples list. The temple faces to the eastern side and has very good Sreekovil.

Irinjalakkuda
, where the only Bharatha Temple in India is located, is another place of importance. The Unnayi Warrier Smaraka Kalanilayam which is located near the Koodalmanickyam Temple is an important center of Kathakali Learning. Since ancient times Thrissur has been the most important center of Vedic Learning in Kerala. Yagas are still conducted in her soil with the same fervour as they used to be. The only centre of traditional Vedic Learning left in Kerala is situated at the heart of Thrissur Town.

Education

Main article: Education in Thrissur District

Administration of Thrissur

Main article: Administration of Thrissur district
Taluks in Thrissur District

The district is divided into two Revenue Sub Divisions; Thrissur and Irinjalakuda and is headed by Revenue Divisional Officer (RDO)

  • Taluks under Thrissur Revenue Division: Thrissur, Chavakkad, Talappilly, Kunnamkulam
  • Taluks under Irinjalakuda Revenue Division: Mukundapuram, Chalakudy, Kodungallur

Thrissur District has four types of administrative hierarchies:

  • Taluk and Village administration managed by the state government of Kerala
  • Panchayath Administration managed by the local bodies
  • Parliament Constituencies for the union government of India
  • Assembly Constituencies for the state government of Kerala
Taluks & its Headquarters
Thrissur Thrissur
Mukundapuram taluk
 Irinjalakuda
Kodungallur Kodungallur
Chavakad
Chavakad
Thalapilly
Wadakkanchery
Chalakudy Chalakudy
Kunnamkulam Kunnamkulam
Municipalities
Kunnamkulam
Chalakudy
Kodungallur
Chavakad
Guruvayur
Irinjalakuda
wadakkanchery

There are 13

taluks
. These seven taluk centres are administrative hubs for 255 villages in Thrissur.


Major Towns

  • Thalappilly taluk: Wadakancherry, Chelakkara, Thruvilwamala, Pazhayannur, Cheruthuruthi, Chelakode
  • Kunnakulam taluk: Kunnamkulam, Kechery, Perumpilavu, Pazhanji
  • Chavakad taluk:
    Chavakad
    , Guruvayoor, Vadanappilly, Triprayar
  • Thrissur taluk: Thrissur, Arimbur, Kuthiran, Pattikad
  • Kodungallur taluk:
    Kodungalloor
    , Perinjanam, Moonupeedika
  • Mukundapuram taluk:
    Iringalakuda
    , Puthukkad, Mala
  • Chalakudy taluk: Chalakudy, Muringoor, Meloor, Kodakara, Koratty

Media

The first newspaper which published from Thrissur was Lokamanyan in 1920. Then came Deenabandhu in 1941 and

Kannada, Tamil and Telugu
are also sold in large numbers.

Politics

Kerala Legislative Assembly Constituencies from Thrissur district (13)
Sl no. Constituency Member Party Alliance
1
Chelakkara
 K. Radhakrishnan CPI(M)   
LDF
2
Kunnamkulam
 A. C. Moideen CPI(M)   
LDF
3
Guruvayur
 N. K. Akbar CPI(M)   
LDF
4
Manalur
Murali Perunelli
 CPI(M)   
LDF
5
Wadakkanchery
 Xavier Chittilappilly CPI(M)   
LDF
6
Ollur
 K. Rajan CPI   
LDF
7
Thrissur
 P. Balachandran CPI   
LDF
8
Nattika
 C. C. Mukundan CPI   
LDF
9
Kaipamangalam
E. T. Tyson
 CPI   
LDF
10
Irinjalakuda
 R. Bindu CPI(M)   
LDF
11
Puthukkad
 K. K. Ramachandran CPI(M)   
LDF
12
Chalakudy
 T. J. Saneesh Kumar Joseph INC   UDF
13
Kodungallur
 V. R. Sunil Kumar CPI   
LDF

Industries

Thrissur is known for the power loom industry and the Textile Mills like the Alagappa Textiles in Alagappa Nagar, Kerala Lakshmi Mills at Pullazhi, Rajgopal Textiles at Athani, Sitaram Spinning and Weaving Mills Thrissur, Vanaja Textiles at Kurichikkara (now defunct), Bhagavathy Spinning Mills at Thanikkudam and Kunnath Textiles at Thrissur. Thrissur are engaged in the manufacture of hosiery products.

A view from Poomala, mountain

The

pharmaceuticals, printing etc. give Thrissur its fame as a bustling industrial centre. The first Worker's Indian Coffee House
of the state was opened in Thrissur (1957).

The 400 kV Electric Power Station at Madakkathara near

KSEB
electrical power system to the national electrical grid. The station serves more than 30% of the state's electrical energy requirements and acts as the principal feed to the northern half of Kerala.

Avinissery, a census town at south of Thrissur city is an important centre of Khadi and Village Industries.

Places of interest

See also:
List of tourist attractions in Thrissur
Chimmony Wildlife Sanctuary – 30 km (19 mi) from Thrissur
City.
The Athirapally Falls flowing its usual discharge
  • Athirapilly Water Falls
    (63 km (39 mi) from Thrissur City): This 80 feet high waterfall at the threshold of the Sholayar ranges is a picnic spot. Two amusement parks – DreamWorld and SilverStorm – are located nearby.
  • Athirapilly is close to dense forests and a part of the Chalakudy
    river.
  • Chalakudy River : This Perennial River is the 5th Longest river in Kerala and the richest river in fish diversity perhaps in India.
  • Punnathur Kotta Elephant Sanctuary
    (23 km (14 mi) from city): It is the largest elephant park in the world, with over 60 elephants.
  • Peechi Dam: (20 km (12 mi) from city) It is a good picnic spot. The dam was started as an irrigation project for the surrounding villages in Thrissur. At the same time, it catered the drinking water needs of the population of Thrissur City. It serves as an irrigation dam, reaching out to the paddy fields in and around Thrissur city. Built across the Manali River. Elephants may be seen on the bank of Peechi-Vazhani Wildlife Sanctuary, established in 1958 covering 125 square kilometres (48 sq mi).
  • Poomala Dam: A natural reserve and tourist spot with an irrigation dam.
  • Chavakkad Beach
  • Peruvanmala : A natural hillock with beautiful greenery, spread over an area of almost 50 acres, is located at Kechery.
  • Vazhani Dam (24 km (15 mi) from city): It is a good picnic spot built over Kechery River .
  • Snehatheeram Beach: This beach is around 23 km (14 mi) from town of Thrissur near by Nattika village.
  • Chimmony dam
    (35 km (22 mi) from city)
  • Mohiniyattom
    .
  • Koodalmanikyam Temple
  • Thrissur Zoo & Museum (2 km [1.2 mi]): Opened in 1885, it is a 13.5-acre (5.5 ha) big zoo. The zoo is home for various animals, reptiles and birds.

Important towns

Kulassery Narasimha Temple, Thrissur

List of villages

Main article: List of villages in Thrissur district

Gallery

  • Perunal, Thrissur Dt
    Perunal, Thrissur Dt
  • Guruvayur Temple entrance – 25 km from Thrissur City.
    Guruvayur Temple entrance – 25 km from Thrissur City.
  • East Gate of Vadakumnathan Temple.
    East Gate of
    Vadakumnathan Temple
    .
  • Poothan and Thira for the Machattu Vela festival, near Wadakkanchery.
    Poothan and Thira for the Machattu Vela festival, near Wadakkanchery.
  • Muthuvara Shiva Temple.
    Muthuvara Shiva Temple.

Notes

  1. ^ a b Annual Vital Statistics Report - 2018 (PDF). Thiruvananthapuram: Department of Economics and Statistics, Government of Kerala. 2020. p. 55.
  2. ^ "Kerala | UNDP in India". UNDP.
  3. ^ a b "Trichur, Trichur kerala, Trichur pooram, Hotels in Thrissur, Trichur map, Thrissur Properties, Trichur Hotels, Trichur Real Estate". www.trichur.com. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
  4. ^ Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901
  5. ^ Official website of Thrissur district http://www.tsr.kerala.gov.in/barefacts.htm [dead link]
  6. ^ US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Archived from the original on 13 June 2007. Retrieved 1 October 2011. Mongolia 3,133,318 July 2011 est.
  7. ^ "2010 Resident Population Data". U. S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 30 September 2011. Iowa 3,046,355
  8. ^ a b c d e "District Census Hand Book: Thrissur" (PDF). Census of India. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  9. ^ http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2-vol2/data_files/kerala/Chapter_IV.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  10. ^ "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Kerala". www.censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  11. ^ a b "Table C-01: Population by religious community: Kerala". Census of India. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
  12. ^ Logan (1887), p. ccccxi–ccccxii.
  13. ^ Menon, A. Sreedhara (1962). Kerala District Gazetteers: Trichur, Kerala, Volume 7. Superintendent of Govt. Presses. pp. 72, 100.
  14. ISBN 9789351184263
    .
  15. ISBN 9789351952404
    .
  16. ^ Logan, William (1887). "Ponnani Taluk". Malabar Manual. II: ccccxi.
  17. ^ William, Logan (1887). "The People: Religion: Christianity". Malabar Manual. I: 199.
  18. ^ Ayyar, A. S. Ramanatha (1927). "Two Copper Plate Records from Palaiyur". Travancore Archaeological Series. IV Part I: 84–91.
  19. ISBN 978-1-4742-7175-2
    .
  20. ^ "Mosque in Kerala dates back to the Prophet's time". The Times of India. 20 July 2015.
  21. ^ Anandan, S. (20 July 2015). "Tinkering with the past". The Hindu.

Further reading

External links

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