History of Thrissur
Timeline of Thrissur | |
Year | Event |
1200 BCE – 200 CE | Iron Age Megalithic Culture |
2nd–1st century BCE | Rise of Muziris as a port |
1st–3rd centuries CE | Roman coins of the period found |
800–1124 | Rule of Perumals of Mahodayapuram
|
855 | Sthanu Ravi inscription at Koodalmanikyam Temple at Irinjalakuda |
930 | Kota Ravi inscriptions at Avittathur |
1000 | Jewish Copper plate issued at Mahodayapuram
|
1024 | Rajasimha inscription at Thazhekad |
1036 | Rajasimha inscription at Thiruvanchikulam Temple |
11th century | Inscription at Vadakkumnathan Temple, Thrissur
|
1225 | Perumpadapu Swaroopam
|
1523 | Cranganore
|
1599 | Palayoor and Mattom take part in the Synod of Diamper
|
1606, 1677, 1681 | Inscriptions at Palayoor
|
1710 | Dutch control over Chettuva |
1750–1762 | Zamorin's occupation of Thrissur |
1789 | Tipu Sultan's occupation of Thrissur |
1790–1805 | Rule of Rama Varma, Sakthan Thampuran |
1791 | Treaty between Cochin and the East India Company by which Kingdom of Cochin became a vassal of the company |
1794 | Fortifications around the Thrissur town by Sakthan Thampuran |
1800 | Madras Government
|
1814 | Construction of the Mart Mariam Big Church at Thrissur
|
1816 | The first known map of Thrissur prepared by John Gould |
1889 | St. Thomas College, Thrissur founded |
1921 | Thrissur made a municipality |
1925 | Cochin Legislative Council with elected members from Thrissur |
1925, 1927 | Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi visits Thrissur
|
1935 | Labour Brotherhood in Thrissur |
1936 | Cochin State Congress founded |
1936 | Electricity agitation |
1940 | Cochin Karshakasabha founded |
1941 | Cochin State Prajamandal |
1947 | Temple entry allowed in Cochin |
1949 | Cochin State comes into existence
|
1 July 1949 | Thrissur district was formed |
1956 | Formation of Kerala State |
Thrissur (
Pre-history
Starting from the
Other monolithic monuments like dolmens and rock-cut caves are at Porkulam, Chiramanengad, Eyyal, Kattakambal and Kakkad. The monument excavated under Archaeologist BK Thapar, between 1949 and 1950, was under the Department of Archaeology.[2] Another megalithic monument is situated at Ariyannur in Thrissur.[5]
Chera Dynasty
Muziris
There has always been a lot of confusion about the exact location of the port, as also about other aspects of it. For long it was considered to be
This suggests that Muziris was a port of great international fame and that South India was involved in active trade with several civilizations of West Asia, the Near East and Europe with the port as a means to do so.
While there is a consensus on that both the port and the city ceased to exist around the middle of the 13th century, possibly following an earthquake (or the great flood of 1341 recorded in history, which caused the change of course of
It is called 'Murachipatanam' in Sanskrit and Muchiri in Tamil. Later it was also called as Makothai, Mahodayapuram, Mahodayapattanam. The port was familiar to the author of the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea who described it as being situated on Pseudostomos river (Ψευδόστομος: Greek for "false mouth" – a precise translation of the Malayalam description of the mouth of the Periyar, Alimukam) 3 km from its mouth. According to the Periplus, numerous Greek seamen managed an intense trade with Muziris:[16]
"Then come Naura and Tyndis, the first markets of
Kingdom of Cerobothra; it is a village in plain sight by the sea. Muziris, of the same Kingdom, abounds in ships sent there with cargoes from Arabia, and by the Greeks; it is located on a river, distant from Tyndis by river and sea five hundred stadia, and up the river from the shore twenty stadia" – The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, 53–54
Arrival of Christianity (51–52)
The
Arrival of Islam (7th century)
According to
According to the Arabic manuscript
-
Muziris, as shown in the Tabula Peutingeriana
-
Statue of St. Thomas atPalayoor in Thrissur district
-
A model of the original Cheraman Juma Mosque
Arrival of the Portuguese (16th century)
Raid on Cranganore
Converging on Cranganore, the Portuguese-Cochinese fleet quickly disperses the Zamorin's forces on the beach with cannon fire, and then lands an amphibian assault force – some 1,000 Portuguese and 1,000 Cochinese
In the meantime, the Calicut fleet of some five ships and 80 paraus that had been dispatched to save the city are intercepted by the idling Portuguese ships near Palliport and defeated in a naval encounter.[33]
Cranganore Fort (1523)
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Mysorean invasion (1773–1790)
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Sakthan Thampuran (1790–1805)
In 1790, Raja Rama Varma, known as Sakthan Thampuran, became the ruler of the Kingdom of Cochin; his ascension is seen as the beginning of the modern period in the history of Kochi and Thrissur.[34] His punishment of criminals and wrongdoers was considered harsh but helped restore peace to the country. Sakthan Thampuran had been at the helm of affairs since 1769 when all administrative authority in the Cochin State was delegated to him by the then reigning sovereign on the initiative of the Travancore Raja and the Dutch Governor. This Raja was a strong ruler and his reign was characterised by firm and vigorous administration. By the end of the 18th century, the power of the feudal chieftains had been crushed and royal authority had become supreme. Sakthan Thampuran was mainly responsible for the destruction of the power of the feudal chieftains and increase of royal power.
Another potent force in the public life of
It may be interesting in this connection to know something about the institution of the Yogatirippad. The Yogatirippad of the Vadakkunnathan Devaswom was elected by the
References
- ^ "Catholic Syrian: God's Own Bank". Forbes India. Archived from the original on 30 April 2010. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
- ^ a b "A tour of heritage sites in Thrissur". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 4 December 2009. Archived from the original on 8 December 2009. Retrieved 9 July 2010.
- ^ S Hemachandran, "Monuments Embossing History"[permanent dead link], Kerala Calling, July 2007. (Retrieved on 24 January 2009)
- ^ V V K Valath (1992). Keralathile Sthalacharithrangal: Thrissur Jilla,(Malayalam: കേരളത്തിലെ സ്ഥലചരിത്രങ്ങള്: തൃശൂർ ജില്ല) p.217. Kerala Sahithya Akadamy, Thrissur.
- ^ "Students prepare manual on flora". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 4 March 2005. Archived from the original on 13 October 2011. Retrieved 9 July 2010.
- ^ a b c "Search for India's ancient city". BBC. 11 June 2006. Archived from the original on 25 September 2010. Retrieved 5 September 2010.
- ^ "History of Kochi". Centre For Heritage Studies, India. Archived from the original on 15 September 2015. Retrieved 5 September 2010.
- ^ "Kerala Tourism". Muziris, A cultural tourist destination in kerala. Archived from the original on 1 November 2010. Retrieved 5 September 2010.
- ^ "Excavations highlight Malabar maritime heritage". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 1 April 2007. Archived from the original on 30 April 2011. Retrieved 5 September 2010.
- ^ "Hunting for Muziris". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 28 March 2004. Archived from the original on 19 November 2010. Retrieved 5 September 2010.
- ^ "Archaeologists stumble upon Muziris". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 9 August 2010. Retrieved 5 September 2010.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "Samachaar.in".
- ^ "Study points to 500 BC Kerala maritime activity". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 9 January 2008. Archived from the original on 13 November 2010. Retrieved 11 September 2010.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 7 May 2011. Retrieved 11 September 2010.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Iron Man's country".
- ^ "Ancient History Sourcebook: The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea: Travel and Trade in the Indian Ocean by a Merchant of the First Century". Paul Halsall. Archived from the original on 14 August 2014. Retrieved 5 September 2010.
- ^ T.K. Joseph (1955). Six St. Thomases of South India. University of California. p. 27.
- ^ "Nasrani Syrian Christians". Kuzhippallil.com. Archived from the original on 4 July 2009. Retrieved 17 January 2010.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-4742-7175-2.
- ^ a b "Cheraman Juma Masjid: A 1,000-year-old lamp burns in this mosque". The Times of India. 31 May 2015.
- ^ a b "Solomon To Cheraman".
- ISBN 9780765601049.
- ISBN 978-90-04-07929-8. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
- ISBN 978-0-231-70024-5. Retrieved 24 July 2012.
- ISBN 978-81-903887-8-8. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
- ^ "Mosque in Kerala dates back to the Prophet's time". The Times of India. 20 July 2015.
- ^ Anandan, S. (20 July 2015). "Tinkering with the past". The Hindu.
- ^ "World's second oldest mosque is in India". Bahrain tribune. Archived from the original on 6 July 2006. Retrieved 9 August 2006.
- ^ "Cheraman Juma Masjid A Secular Heritage". Archived from the original on 26 July 2017. Retrieved 10 September 2010.
- ^ "A mosque from a Hindu king". indiatravels. Archived from the original on 5 November 2018. Retrieved 9 August 2006.
- ^ Prange, Sebastian R. Monsoon Islam: Trade and Faith on the Medieval Malabar Coast. Cambridge University Press, 2018. 98.
- ^ Castanheda, p.272
- ^ Mathew (1997: p.14)
- ^ Education, Kerala (India) Department of; Menon, A. Sreedhara (1965). Kerala District Gazetteers: Ernakulam. Superintendent of Government Presses.