Federal republic
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A federal republic is a federation of states with a republican form of government. At its core, the literal meaning of the word republic when used to reference a form of government means a country that is governed by elected representatives and by an elected leader, such as a president, rather than by a monarch.
In a federal republic, a
Most federal republics codify the division of powers between orders of government in a written
Federal states primarily contrast with unitary states, where the central government retains many of the powers that are delegated to the subdivisions in federal republics. While there are exceptions, the overall tendency is for federal republics to be larger, more populous, and more internally heterogeneous than unitary states, with such larger size and internal heterogeneity being more manageable in a federal system than in a unitary one.
Contemporary
Historical
Country | Official name and style |
Period of federal form of government | Administrative divisions |
---|---|---|---|
Regency of Algiers[17] | Regency of Algiers Kingdom of Algiers |
1563–1830[18] | Beyliks |
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth |
Serenissima Res Publica Poloniae | 1569–1795 | Provinces and Voivodeships |
Dutch Republic | Republic of the Seven United Netherlands | 1581–1795 | Provinces |
Valais | Republic of the Seven Tithings | 1613–1798 | |
Gran Colombia | Republic of Colombia | 1819–1831 | |
Federal Republic of Central America | Federal Republic of Central American | 1823–1838 | |
Granadine Confederation | Granadine Confederation | 1858–1863 | |
United States of Colombia | United States of Colombia | 1863–1886 | States |
First Spanish Republic | Spanish Republic | 1873-1874 | |
Republic of China | Republic of China | 1912–1928 | Provinces
|
Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus | Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus | 1917–1922 | Republics |
Weimar Republic | German Reich | 1919–1933 | States |
East Germany | German Democratic Republic | 1949–1990 | States |
Soviet Union[a] | Union of Soviet Socialist Republics | 1922–1991 | Republics |
Yugoslavia[19] | Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia (1945–1963) Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1963–1992) |
1945–1992 | Republics |
Serbia and Montenegro | Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1992–2003)
State Union of Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006) |
1992–2006 | Constituent republics
|
Burma | Union of Burma | 1948–1962 | States
|
Indonesia | Republic of the United States of Indonesia |
1949–1950[b] | States |
Cameroon | Federal Republic of Cameroon | 1961–1972 | |
Czechoslovak Socialist Republic[19] | Czechoslovak Republic (1948–1960) Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (1960–1990) |
1969–1990 | Republics
|
Czech and Slovak Federative Republic | Czech and Slovak Federative Republic | 1990–1992 | Republics
|
See also
- Form of government
- List of republics
- Federal monarchy
Notes
- ^ Nominally a federal union of multiple national republics; in practice its government and economy were highly centralized until its final years.
- Republic of Indonesia.
References
- ^ Forum of Federations: [1], Schram, Sanford. Handbook of Federal Countries: United States, pp. 373–391, 2005.
- CIA World Factbook: Austria, 14 May 2009
- CIA World Factbook: Bosnia and Herzegovina, 14 May 2009
- CIA World Factbook: Brazil, 14 May 2009
- CIA World Factbook: Ethiopia, 14 May 2009
- CIA World Factbook: Germany, 14 May 2009
- CIA World Factbook: India, 14 May 2009
- CIA World Factbook: Mexico, 14 May 2009
- CIA World Factbook: Nepal, 14 May 2009
- ^ "UNTERM". unterm.un.org. Retrieved 2022-07-03.
- CIA World Factbook: Nigeria, 14 May 2009
- CIA World Factbook: Pakistan, 14 May 2009
- ^ "Text of the Russian constitution in English". Constituteproject.org.
- CIA World Factbook: Switzerland, 14 May 2009
- CIA World Factbook: United States, 14 May 2009
- CIA World Factbook: Venezuela, 14 May 2009
- ISBN 978-0-7100-6614-5.
- ISBN 978-2-84272-166-4.
- ^ a b "The CIA World Factbook officially dated October 15, 1991". Archived from the original on 2011-05-11. Retrieved 2011-02-05.
External links
- Republic at Merriam-Webster