Haplogroup CT

Haplogroup CT
Haplogroup CT
	Haplogroup CF, Haplogroup DE
Defining mutations	P9.1, M168, M294, V9, V41, V54, V189, and V226

Haplogroup CT is a

haplogroup D-CTS3946 and a predominantly Africa-distributed haplogroup E-M96, while CF is divided into an East Asian, Native American, and Oceanian haplogroup C-M130 and haplogroup F-M89

, which dominates most non-African populations.

Distribution

Men who carry the CT clade have

Y chromosomes with the SNP mutation M168, along with P9.1 and M294. These mutations are present in all modern human male lineages except A and B-M60, which are both found almost exclusively in Africa

.

The most recent common male line ancestor (TMRCA) of all CT men today probably predated the recent African origin of modern humans, a migration in which some of his descendants participated. He is therefore thought to have lived in Africa before this proposed migration.^[1]^[5]^[4] In keeping with the concept of "Y-chromosomal Adam" given to the patrilineal ancestor of all living humans, CT-M168 has therefore also been referred to in popularized accounts as being the lineage of "Eurasian Adam" or "Out of Africa Adam"; because, along with many African Y-lineages, all non-African Y-lineages descend from it.^[8]^[7]^[6]

No male in

haplogroup D-CTS3946 and a predominantly Africa-distributed haplogroup E-M96, while CF is divided into an East Asian, Native American, and Oceanian haplogroup C-M130 and haplogroup F-M89, which dominates most non-African populations.^[6]

Subclades

CF

Haplogroup CF

is a subclade of haplogroup CT.

DE

Haplogroup DE is a subclade of haplogroup CT.

Phylogenetic trees

Haplogroup CT (M168/PF1416)

CF (P143/PF2587, CTS3818/M3690/PF2668, CTS6376/M3711/PF2697) Shan people
- C (M130/Page51/RPS4Y711, M216) Asia, Oceania, and North America
  - C1 F3393/Z1426
    - C1a CTS11043
      - C1a1 formerly C1 (M8, M105, M131) Japan
      - Western Eurasia (including Kostenki
        38 000 years ago)

Haplogroup DE
(M1/YAP, M145/P205, M203/Page36, P144, P153, P165, P167, P183) Asia, Africa, Southern and Eastern Europe; also at low levels in Oceania
Andaman Islanders
; also at low level/among minorities in East Asia, Central Asia, Micronesia and Melanesia
Haplogroup D1 (CTS11577) Mainly Tibet; minorities in Central Asia, East Asia, and South East Asia
Haplogroup D1a Z27276 East and Central Asia
D1a1 (M15) (ex-D1) Qiang people; also at low levels throughout East and Central Asia

Haplogroup D1a2 P99 (ex-D3) Tibet and Central Asia

Haplogroup D1b (ex-D2) (M64.1/Page44.1, M55, M57, M179/Page31, M359.1/P41.1, P37.1, P190, 12f2.2) Mainly Japan; also at lowel levels/among minorities in Korea, China, Micronesia and Melanesia

Haplogroup D2 L1366 (ex-D1a) Philippines

Haplogroup E
(M40, M96) Africa, Middle East, Southern and Eastern Europe
Haplogroup E1
(P147) At high levels throughout Africa; at lower levels in the Middle East and Europe
Haplogroup E1a
(formerly E1) (M132) Primarily Africa

Haplogroup E1b
(P177/PF1939)
Haplogroup E1b1
(formerly E3) (P2, DYS391p)
Haplogroup E1b1a
(V38)

Haplogroup E1b1a1
(formerly E3a) (M2) West Africa, Central Africa, Southeast Africa and Southern Africa

Somalis, Eritrea), North Africa (Berbers, Arabs^[9]
), the Middle East, Europe (esp. areas near the Mediterranean Sea)

Haplogroup E2
(M75) East Africa

Sources

ISOGG
:
Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2015

Y-DNA Haplogroup C and its Subclades - 2015

Y-DNA Haplogroup F and its Subclades - 2015

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Haplogroup CT of Y-DNA.

Genetics

Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup

Y-chromosome haplogroups in populations of the world

Y-DNA haplogroups by ethnic group

Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of East and Southeast Asia

Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Oceania

Y-DNA C subclades

Mega-Haplogroup CF

Mega-Haplogroup CT

C-M130

C-M208

C-M210

C-M216

C-M217

C-M38

C-M8

C-M93

C-P33

C-P44

References

^
PMID 18385274
.. The split between CF and DE (which in the absence of a paragroup CT* is equivalent to the age of CT) has been dated to 70,000–75,000 years ago in Upper Palaeolithic Siberian genome reveals dual ancestry of Native Americans, Nature 505, 87–91 (02 January 2014)

^
PMID 25770088
.

PMID 31196864
.

^
S2CID 24904955
.

^
ISBN 978-1-4051-5089-7
.

^
PMID 18385274
.

^
ISBN 978-0-19-530675-0

ISBN 1-4051-5089-0
, page 187

doi:10.1038/ejhg.2010.21

v
t
e
Phylogenetic tree of human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups ^{[χ 1]}^{[χ 2]}
This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (February 2021)

"Y-chromosomal Adam"

A00
A0-T ^{[χ 3]}

A0
A1 ^{[χ 4]}

A1a
A1b

A1b1 BT

B
CT

DE CF

D E C
F

F1 F-Y27277 ^{[χ 5]} F3 GHIJK

G HIJK

IJK H

IJ
K

I   J
LT ^{[χ 6]}
      K2 ^{[χ 7]}

I1
   I2
J1

J2

L
     T K2e K2d K2c K2b ^{[χ 8]} K2a

K2b1 ^{[χ 9]}   P ^{[χ 10]}
K-M2313 ^{[χ 11]}

S ^{[χ 12]} M ^{[χ 13]}    P1   NO1

P1c
P1b P1a
N
O

R
Q

Y-DNA by population

Y-DNA haplogroups of historic people

Footnotes

S2CID 23291764
.

^ International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG; 2015), Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2015. (Access date: 1 February 2015.)

^ Haplogroup A0-T is also known as A-L1085 (and previously as A0'1'2'3'4).

^ Haplogroup A1 is also known as A1'2'3'4.

^ F-Y27277, sometimes known as F2'4, is both the parent clade of F2 and F4 and a child of F-M89.

^ Haplogroup LT (L298/P326) is also known as Haplogroup K1.

^ Between 2002 and 2008, Haplogroup T-M184 was known as "Haplogroup K2". That name has since been re-assigned to K-M526, the sibling of Haplogroup LT.

^ Haplogroup K2b (M1221/P331/PF5911) is also known as Haplogroup MPS.

^ Haplogroup K2b1 (P397/P399) is also known as Haplogroup MS, but has a broader and more complex internal structure.

^ Haplogroup P (P295) is also klnown as K2b2.

^ K-M2313*, which as yet has no phylogenetic name, has been documented in two living individuals, who have ethnic ties to India and South East Asia. In addition, K-Y28299, which appears to be a primary branch of K-M2313, has been found in three living individuals from India. See: Poznik op. cit.; YFull YTree v5.08, 2017, "K-M2335", and; PhyloTree, 2017, "Details of the Y-SNP markers included in the minimal Y tree" (Access date of these pages: 9 December 2017)

^ Haplogroup S, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1a. (Previously the name Haplogroup S was assigned to K2b1a4.)

^ Haplogroup M, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1b. (Previously the name Haplogroup M was assigned to K2b1d.)

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haplogroup_CT&oldid=1228371767"

[Karafet-1] 
PMID 18385274
.. The split between CF and DE (which in the absence of a paragroup CT* is equivalent to the age of CT) has been dated to 70,000–75,000 years ago in Upper Palaeolithic Siberian genome reveals dual ancestry of Native Americans, Nature 505, 87–91 (02 January 2014)

[A_recent_bottleneck_of_Y_chromosome-2] 
PMID 25770088
.

[3] PMID 31196864
.

[UnderhillandKivisild-4] 
S2CID 24904955
.

[stone-5] 
ISBN 978-1-4051-5089-7
.

[Karafet1-6] 
PMID 18385274
.

[Johnson-7] 
ISBN 978-0-19-530675-0

[8] ISBN 1-4051-5089-0
, page 187

[Pereira2010-9] doi:10.1038/ejhg.2010.21

[vanOven2014-10] S2CID 23291764
.

[ISOGG2015-11] International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG; 2015), Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2015. (Access date: 1 February 2015.)

[A0-T-12] Haplogroup A0-T is also known as A-L1085 (and previously as A0'1'2'3'4).

[A1-13] Haplogroup A1 is also known as A1'2'3'4.

[F-Y27277-14] F-Y27277, sometimes known as F2'4, is both the parent clade of F2 and F4 and a child of F-M89.

[LT-15] Haplogroup LT (L298/P326) is also known as Haplogroup K1.

[K2-16] Between 2002 and 2008, Haplogroup T-M184 was known as "Haplogroup K2". That name has since been re-assigned to K-M526, the sibling of Haplogroup LT.

[K2b-17] Haplogroup K2b (M1221/P331/PF5911) is also known as Haplogroup MPS.

[K2b1-18] Haplogroup K2b1 (P397/P399) is also known as Haplogroup MS, but has a broader and more complex internal structure.

[P-19] Haplogroup P (P295) is also klnown as K2b2.

[K-M2313-20] K-M2313*, which as yet has no phylogenetic name, has been documented in two living individuals, who have ethnic ties to India and South East Asia. In addition, K-Y28299, which appears to be a primary branch of K-M2313, has been found in three living individuals from India. See: Poznik op. cit.; YFull YTree v5.08, 2017, "K-M2335", and; PhyloTree, 2017, "Details of the Y-SNP markers included in the minimal Y tree" (Access date of these pages: 9 December 2017)

[S-21] Haplogroup S, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1a. (Previously the name Haplogroup S was assigned to K2b1a4.)

[M-22] Haplogroup M, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1b. (Previously the name Haplogroup M was assigned to K2b1d.)

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