Haplogroup IJ
Haplogroup IJ | |
---|---|
Possible time of origin | 49,700–44,600 years I, J |
Defining mutations | M429/P125, P123, P124, P126, P127, P129, P130, S2, S22 |
Haplogroup IJ (M429/P125) is a
The immediate descendants of IJ are
Haplogroup IJ derived populations account for a significant proportion of the pre-modern populations of
Haplogroup I appears to have arisen in Europe, so far being found in Palaeolithic sites throughout Europe (Fu 2016), but not outside it. It diverged from common ancestor IJ* about 43,000 years B.P. (Karafet 2008). Early evidence for haplogroup J has been found in the Caucasus and Iran (Jones 2015, Fu 2016). In addition, living examples of the precursor Haplogroup IJ* have been found only in ethnicities living in modern day Iran. This may indicate that IJ originated in West Asia.
Origin
A 2008 estimate suggested that the most recent common ancestor of haplogroup IJ could have lived 30,500–46,200 years ago,[3] while another estimate suggests 43,000–45,700 years.[1]
Both of the primary branches of haplogroup IJ –
Examples of the basal/paragroup Haplogroup IJ* (M429) were first reported in a 2012 study of genetic diversity in
An inference may also be made that both IJ (M429) and its sole sibling, Haplogroup K (M9) diverged from the parent Haplogroup IJK closer to the Caucasus and the Middle East than to East Asia, due to the evolutionary distance of IJK from its direct ancestor, haplogroup HIJK.[citation needed]
IJ split in a typically disjunctive, almost mutually-exclusive geographical pattern, with J-M304 far more common in the Caucasus, and I-M170 far more common in Europe; the age of IJ and its subclades suggest that IJ probably entered Europe through the
Phylogeny and distribution
IJ (M429, P123, P124, P125, P126, P127, P129, P130, S2, S22, per ISOGG 2008)
- IJ* – found at low frequency in parts of Iran.[6]
- I(M170, P19, M258, P38, P212, U179, Haplogroup I notation updated to ISOGG 2008; L41, M170, M258, P19_1, P19_2, P19_3, P19_4, P19_5, P38, P212, U179)
- I* (unobserved)
- Northwest Europe, with a moderate distribution throughout Eastern Europe
- I1* (unobserved)
- I-CTS12768 (no phylogenetic name as of 2021)
- I-CTS12768* – living example in Sweden.
- I-Z17954 (no phylogenetic name as of 2021)
- I-Z17954* (unobserved)
- I-Y21293 – living example in Netherlands.
- I-Y19092 – living examples in Normandy and Finland.
- I1a – DF29/S438
- I1a* - living examples in Sweden, Denmark and Portugal.
- I1a1 M227
- I1a1* -
- I1a1a M72
- I1a2 L22/S142
- I1a2* -
- I1a2a P109
- I1a2b L205
- I1a2c L287
- I1a2c* -
- I1a2c1 L258/S335
- I1a2c1* -
- I1a2c1a L296
- I1a2d L300/S241
- I1a2e L813/Z719
- I1a3 S244/Z58
- I1a3* -
- I1a3a S246/Z59
- I1a3a* -
- I1a3a1 S337/Z60, S439/Z61, Z62
- I1a3a1a Z140, Z141
- I1a3a1a* -
- I1a3a1a1 L338
- I1a3a1b Z73
- I1a3a1c L573
- I1a3a1d L803
- I1a3a2 Z382
- I1a3b S296/Z138, Z139
- I1a4 S243/Z63
- I1b Z131 [7]
- I2(M438/P215/S31) (formerly I1b)
- I2* (unobserved)
- I2a (P37.2) (formerly I1b1) Typical of the South Slavic peoples of the Balkans, especially the populations of Bosnia, Croatia, Serbia and Slovenia ; also found with high haplotype diversity values, but lower overall frequency, among the West Slavic populations of Slovakia and the Czech Republic; a node of elevated frequency in Moldavia correlates with that observed for Haplogroup I2a (but not for Haplogroup I1)
- I2a*
- I2a1 (M423)
- I2a1*
- I2a1a (P41.2/M359.2) (formerly I1b1a)
- I2a2 (M26) (formerly I1b1b) Typical of the population of the so-called "archaic zone" of Basque Country
- I2a2*
- I2a2a (M161) (formerly I1b1b1)
- I2b (M436/P214/S33, P216/S30, P217/S23, P218/S32) (formerly I1b2)
- I2b*
- I2b1 (M223, P219/S24, P220/S119, P221/S120, P222/U250/S118, P223/S117) (formerly I1b2a - old I1c) Occurs at a moderate frequency among populations of Northwest Europe, with a peak frequency in the region of Lower Saxony in central Germany; minor offshoots appear in Moldavia and Russia (especially around Vladimir, Ryazan, Nizhny Novgorod, and the Republic of Mordovia), and among speakers of Persian (including Iranians, Hazaras in Afghanistan and Pakistan, and Tajiks in Afghanistan)
- I2b1*
- I2b1a (M284) (formerly I1b2a1) Generally limited to a low frequency in Great Britain
- I2b1b (M379) (formerly I1b2a2)
- I2b1c (P78) (formerly I1b2a3)
- I2b1d (P95) (formerly I1b2a4)
- I2a (P37.2) (formerly I1b1) Typical of the South Slavic peoples of the Balkans, especially the populations of Bosnia, Croatia, Serbia and Slovenia ; also found with high haplotype diversity values, but lower overall frequency, among the West Slavic populations of Slovakia and the Czech Republic; a node of elevated frequency in Moldavia correlates with that observed for Haplogroup I2a (but not for Haplogroup I1)
- I2* (unobserved)
- J (12f2.1, M304, S6, S34, S35)
- J*
- J1 (M267) Typical of populations of the Middle East, Dagestan and Semitic-speaking populations of North Africa and East Africa
- J1*
- J1a (M62)
- J1b (M365)
- J1c (M367, M368)
- J1d (M369)
- J1e (M390)
-
- J2*
- J2a (M410)
- J2a*
- J2a1 (DYS413≤18)
- J2a2 (M340)
- J2a*
- J2b (M12, M314, M221; also M102, Z2497, Z2499 Z2500/CTS10660)
- J2b* At least one living example found in Uzbekistan.
- J2b1 (M205; includes former J2b1b/J-PF7344)
- J2b1 Found in ancient remains (3,650 years BP) in Lebanon.
- J2b1a (YP31, Y3165, Y167062, et al.) Living examples found in Greece and Italy.
- J2a (M410)
- J2*
- J1*
References
- ^ a b IJ, YFull.com, 2019, "IJ Y Tree" (3 November 2019).
- ^ ISOGG Y-tree showing HG 'IJK'
- PMID 18385274.
- ^ unreliable source
- ^ PLOS ONE: Ancient Migratory Events in the Middle East: New Clues from the Y-Chromosome Variation of Modern Iranians
- PMID 22815981.
- ^ ISOGG 2013 Y-DNA Haplogroup I
See also
- Haplogroup
- Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Europe
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of South Asia
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of East and Southeast Asia
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of the Near East
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of North Africa
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of the Caucasus
- Y-DNA haplogroups by ethnic group
- Haplogroup I
- Haplogroup I1
- Haplogroup I2
- Haplogroup J
- Haplogroup J2