Haplogroup BT

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Haplogroup BT
CT
Defining mutationsPage65.1/SRY1532.1/SRY10831.1, M42, M91, M94, M139, M299, P97, V21, V29, V31, V59, V64, V102, V187, V202, V216, V235

Haplogroup BT M91, also known as Haplogroup A1b2 (and formerly as A4, BR and BCDEF), is a Y-chromosome haplogroup. BT is a subclade of haplogroup A1b (P108) and a sibling of the haplogroup A1b1 (L419/PF712).[2]

Ancient DNA

Later Stone Age individuals excavated at Fingira Rock, Malawi, dated to around 6100 years ago (2/2 males), and at Mount Hora, Malawi, dated to around 8000 years ago (1/1 males), all belonged to Y haplogroup BT(xCT).[3][a]

Distribution

haplogroup K
and its subclades, such as haplogroups K*, LT, K2b*, MS, NO, P, Q and R).

Phylogenetics

The

ISOGG tree since 2014 has treated M91 as the defining mutation of BT.[5]

Prior to 2002, there were in academic literature at least seven naming systems for the Y-Chromosome Phylogenetic tree. This led to considerable confusion. In 2002, the major research groups came together and formed the Y-Chromosome Consortium (YCC). They published a joint paper that created a single new tree that all agreed to use.

The revised y-chromosome family tree by Cruciani et al. (2011) compared with the family tree from Karafet et al. (2008). Cruciani et al. (2011) define BT via M91 and P97, and as a consequence, ISOGG has listed BT since February 2012, and treated M91 as defining mutation for BT since 2014.[6]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ In other words, the haplogroups did not belong to haplogroup CT, but may have belonged to haplogroup B.

References

  1. PMID 25770088
    .
  2. ^
    PMID 21601174
    .
  3. PMID 28938123
    .
  4. PMID 22892538
    .
  5. ^ Y-DNA Haplogroup A and its Subclades - 2012 (BT as subclade of A1b-P108) Y-DNA Haplogroup A and its Subclades - 2014 (BT as subclade of A1b-P108); Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2015 (BT-M91 listed as subclade of A1a-M31). ISOGG has listed M42 as a mutation characteristic (but not defining) of BT since 2012.
  6. ISOGG
    (2012)).
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