Paragroup

Paragroup is a term used in population genetics to describe lineages within a haplogroup that are not defined by any additional unique markers.

In human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups, paragroups are typically represented by an asterisk (*) placed after the main haplogroup.^[1]

The term "paragroup" is a

paraphyletic haplogroup indicating that paragroups form paraphyletic subclades.^[1]

Apart from the mutations that define the parent haplogroup, paragroups may not possess any additional unique markers. Alternatively paragroups may possess unique markers that have not been discovered. If a unique marker is discovered within a paragroup, the specific lineage is given a unique name and is moved out of the paragroup to form an independent subclade.

For example, the paragroup of human Y-DNA Haplogroup

haplogroup E1b1b1g (also known as E-M293) is an example of a relatively new subclade, discovered within a previously designated paragroup and assigned a new name. Until the SNP/UEP marker M293 was discovered in 2008, the members of the subclade were indistinguishable from other components of the paragroup E1b1b1* (also known as E3b* and E-M35*).^[3]

Another example is a member of the Y-DNA haplogroup R (defined by marker M207) may belong to the sub-haplogroup R1 (defined by marker M173) or R2 (defined by marker M124). Individuals with neither of these mutations would be categorised as belonging to haplogroup R*.

References

^
PMID 11827954
.

PMID 14504230
.

PMID 18678889
.

Phylogenetic tree of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups

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Phylogenetic tree of human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups ^{[χ 1]}^{[χ 2]}
This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (February 2021)

"Y-chromosomal Adam"

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S ^{[χ 12]} M ^{[χ 13]}    P1   NO1

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Y-DNA by population

Y-DNA haplogroups of historic people

Footnotes

S2CID 23291764
.

^ International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG; 2015), Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2015. (Access date: 1 February 2015.)

^ Haplogroup A0-T is also known as A-L1085 (and previously as A0'1'2'3'4).

^ Haplogroup A1 is also known as A1'2'3'4.

^ F-Y27277, sometimes known as F2'4, is both the parent clade of F2 and F4 and a child of F-M89.

^ Haplogroup LT (L298/P326) is also known as Haplogroup K1.

^ Between 2002 and 2008, Haplogroup T-M184 was known as "Haplogroup K2". That name has since been re-assigned to K-M526, the sibling of Haplogroup LT.

^ Haplogroup K2b (M1221/P331/PF5911) is also known as Haplogroup MPS.

^ Haplogroup K2b1 (P397/P399) is also known as Haplogroup MS, but has a broader and more complex internal structure.

^ Haplogroup P (P295) is also klnown as K2b2.

^ K-M2313*, which as yet has no phylogenetic name, has been documented in two living individuals, who have ethnic ties to India and South East Asia. In addition, K-Y28299, which appears to be a primary branch of K-M2313, has been found in three living individuals from India. See: Poznik op. cit.; YFull YTree v5.08, 2017, "K-M2335", and; PhyloTree, 2017, "Details of the Y-SNP markers included in the minimal Y tree" (Access date of these pages: 9 December 2017)

^ Haplogroup S, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1a. (Previously the name Haplogroup S was assigned to K2b1a4.)

^ Haplogroup M, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1b. (Previously the name Haplogroup M was assigned to K2b1d.)

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paragroup&oldid=1044029201"

[ycc-1] 
PMID 11827954
.

[2] PMID 14504230
.

[3] PMID 18678889
.

[vanOven2014-4] S2CID 23291764
.

[ISOGG2015-5] International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG; 2015), Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2015. (Access date: 1 February 2015.)

[A0-T-6] Haplogroup A0-T is also known as A-L1085 (and previously as A0'1'2'3'4).

[A1-7] Haplogroup A1 is also known as A1'2'3'4.

[F-Y27277-8] F-Y27277, sometimes known as F2'4, is both the parent clade of F2 and F4 and a child of F-M89.

[LT-9] Haplogroup LT (L298/P326) is also known as Haplogroup K1.

[K2-10] Between 2002 and 2008, Haplogroup T-M184 was known as "Haplogroup K2". That name has since been re-assigned to K-M526, the sibling of Haplogroup LT.

[K2b-11] Haplogroup K2b (M1221/P331/PF5911) is also known as Haplogroup MPS.

[K2b1-12] Haplogroup K2b1 (P397/P399) is also known as Haplogroup MS, but has a broader and more complex internal structure.

[P-13] Haplogroup P (P295) is also klnown as K2b2.

[K-M2313-14] K-M2313*, which as yet has no phylogenetic name, has been documented in two living individuals, who have ethnic ties to India and South East Asia. In addition, K-Y28299, which appears to be a primary branch of K-M2313, has been found in three living individuals from India. See: Poznik op. cit.; YFull YTree v5.08, 2017, "K-M2335", and; PhyloTree, 2017, "Details of the Y-SNP markers included in the minimal Y tree" (Access date of these pages: 9 December 2017)

[S-15] Haplogroup S, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1a. (Previously the name Haplogroup S was assigned to K2b1a4.)

[M-16] Haplogroup M, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1b. (Previously the name Haplogroup M was assigned to K2b1d.)

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