Flag of Hungary
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|
tricolour of red, white and green | |
Use | Civil flag and ensign |
---|---|
Proportion | 2:3 |
Adopted | 18 August 1957[3] (as civil ensign) |
Design | A horizontal tricolour of red-white-green |
Use | Unofficial state flag[note 1] |
Proportion | 1:2 |
Adopted | 10 October 1995[4] |
Design | A horizontal tricolour of red, white and green with the state coat of arms in the centre. |
Proportion | 6:7 |
Adopted | 15 March 1991[5] |
Use | Naval ensign |
Proportion | 3:4 |
Adopted | 1991[5] |
The
Current flag
The modern flag of Hungary originated from the national freedom movement from before 1848, which culminated in the
Evolution
As described above, the red, white and green tricolour clearly emerged as a sign of national sovereignty during the 1848–1849 revolution against the Habsburgs. Hungarian volunteers and Émigrés fought for the social movement and wars of Italian unification under the banner for Garibaldi.
After the fall of the Habsburg Empire, the years 1918 to 1920 were highly turbulent, and several hard-to-trace minor changes took place. The red-green-white tricolour stayed the same, but small differences emerged in terms of the badge. A short interlude and exception was the 1919 Hungarian Soviet Republic, which lasted for four-and-a-half months; it used a solid red banner.
It seems that from 1920 to 1944–1945 the tricolour displayed the minor arms of Hungary, but the version without them was also used.
Between 1946 and 1949 the crown was removed from the top of the arms serving as the badge.
With the onset of Communist rule in 1949, a new coat of arms featuring a Communist red star was placed on the flag as the badge.
During the anti-Soviet uprising in 1956, revolutionaries cut out the Hammer and Wheat emblem and used the resulting tricolour with a hole in the middle as the symbol of the revolution. For some months the new government changed the flag to bear the minor arms without the crown as the badge again.
In 1957, after the revolution was defeated by the Soviet Red Army, the new government created a "new" coat of arms, which however was never officially put onto the flag. Therefore, the official flag of Hungary has been a pure red-white-green tricolour since 1957.
After the fall of communism in 1989 there was no need to change the flag, as like the flags of Poland and Czechoslovakia, it did not bear any communist insignia.
There was a recommendation of the Committee of Symbols in the 2000s, that the coat of arms should be part of the state flag, while the national flag should remain plain (as is the status quo).[9] This has not been implemented in law, though in case of most state use the arms are legally permitted on the flag (see below).
Exact description and legislature
The
By a government decree from 2000, the ratio (which is neither defined in the Constitution nor in 1995[13] or 2000[14] legislation) of flags used on government building is 1:2.
Summarized, this would mean:[13]
- A red–white–green tricolour. Actually many variations might be used though according to 1995/LXXXIII §11 (3) "(3) In cases specified in paragraphs (1) and (2), the arms and the flag can be used also in their historical forms.", as (1) reads as: 1995/LXXXIII §11 (1) "(1) For the purpose of declaring their belonging to the nation, private persons can use the arms and the flag, subject to the limitations in this law."
- red–white–green tricolour, ratio 1:2 (by decree from 2000). According to 1995/LXXXIII §11 (4), the official coat of arms of Hungary might be placed onto it as a badge.
- White background with green red alternated flammulette ("flame tongues", triangles with wavy edge) border, coat of arms in the center, embraced by oak branches from the left, olive branches from the right. Ratio not defined. ( 1995/LXXXIII §8 (1) )
- 2:3 (ratio defined by 1957 law) red-white-green tricolour (there is a merchant fleet)[15]
- Unknown or unspecified;
- White background with green red alternated triangle border, coat of arms at 1/3 of the flag, nearer to the pole. Ratio not defined. ( 1995/LXXXIII §8 (2) )
Colours
The colours of the flag of Hungary are defined in the official document MSZ 1361:2009:[16]
Colors scheme |
Crimson red | White | Dark green |
---|---|---|---|
Pantone | 18-1660 TCX Tomato | Not available | 18-6320 TCX Fairway |
CIELAB | 44.0, 60.0, 32.0 | 100.0, 128.0, 128.0 | 37.5, 26.0, 144.0 |
RGB | 206, 41, 57[17] | 255, 255, 255 | 71, 112, 80[18] |
Hexadecimal
|
#CE2939[17] | #FFFFFF | #477050[18] |
Gallery
Historical flags
- Kingdom of Hungary from 1869 to 1874 with the Hungarian small coat of arms.
A variant of the flag of Hungary, used between 1896 and 1915, while part of Austria-Hungary.
Flag of the short-lived Hungarian People's Republic, used between 1918–1919 under the rule of Károlyi.
Flag of the Hungarian Soviet Republic, used briefly in 1919.
Flag of Hungary, used between 1946 and 1949 and between 1956 and 1957 with the Kossuth coat of arms.
Flag of the Hungarian People's Republic, used between 1949 and 1956, bearing the Communist Rákosi coat of arms.
This flag, from which the Rákosi era coat of arms has been cut out, became the symbol of the Hungarian Revolution of 1956.
Government ensign of Hungary, used between 1957 and 1990.
Flag of Hungary, used from 1957 to the present.
Head of state standards
Ensign of the Regent, used between 1921 and 1939.
Standard of the Regent as supreme warlord of the Royal Hungarian Army, used between 1939 and 1944.
Ensign of the President, used between 1948 and 1950.
See also
Notes
References
- ^ "1957. évi II. törvény a Magyar Népköztársaság Alkotmányának módosításáról" [Act II of 1957 on the Amendment of the Constitution of the Hungarian People's Republic]. hu.wikisource.org (in Hungarian). Retrieved 23 February 2017.
- ^ "1990. évi XL. törvény a Magyar Köztársaság Alkotmányának módosításáról" [Act XL of 1990 on the Amendment of the Constitution of the Hungarian Republic]. Törvények és országgyűlési határozatok (in Hungarian). Retrieved 14 March 2018.
- ^ "51/1957. (VIII. 18.) Korm. számú rendelet a magyar tengeri kereskedelmi hajók lobogójáról" [Decree of the Government No. 51/1957. (VIII. 18.) on the Ensign of the Hungarian Maritime Merchant Vessels]. hu.wikisource.org (in Hungarian). Retrieved 23 February 2017.
- ^ "1995. évi LXXXIII. törvény a Magyar Köztársaság nemzeti jelképeinek és a Magyar Köztársaságra utaló elnevezésnek a használatáról" [Act LXXXIII of 1995 on the usage of the national symbols and name of the Hungarian Republic]. Törvények és országgyűlési határozatok (in Hungarian). Retrieved 14 March 2018.
- ^ a b "A Magyar Honvédség új felségjelzése és hadilobogói" [The new insignia and war ensigns of the Hungarian Defence Forces]. Haditechnika. 25 (3): 3–4. 1991.
- ^ Examples of original surviving medieval charters of the Kingdom of Hungary where the seal was attached to the charter using braided cords of red, white and green silk:
- "Charter issued by the Chapter of Eger". National Archives of Hungary. 1323. DL 2205. Retrieved July 19, 2023 – via Hungaricana.
- "Royal charter issued by Matthias Corvinus". National Archives of Hungary. 1477. DL 100877. Retrieved July 19, 2023 – via Hungaricana.
- "Charter issued by Judge royal Stephen VIII Báthory". National Archives of Hungary. 1487. DL 81971. Retrieved July 19, 2023 – via Hungaricana.
- "Royal charter issued by Vladislaus II". National Archives of Hungary. 1501. DL 13582. Retrieved July 19, 2023 – via Hungaricana.
- "Charter issued by Judge royal and Voivode of Transylvania Count Peter Szentgyörgyi". National Archives of Hungary. 1504. DL 70141. Retrieved July 19, 2023 – via Hungaricana.
- "Royal charter issued by Vladislaus II". National Archives of Hungary. 1508. DL 101402. Retrieved July 19, 2023 – via Hungaricana.
- "Charter issued by the Chapter of Pressburg". National Archives of Hungary. 1515. DL 82435. Retrieved July 19, 2023 – via Hungaricana.
- "Royal charter issued by Louis II". National Archives of Hungary. 1519. DL 82532. Retrieved July 19, 2023 – via Hungaricana.
- "Royal charter issued by Louis II". National Archives of Hungary. 1525. DL 24335. Retrieved July 19, 2023 – via Hungaricana.
- "Charter issued by the Chapter of Buda". National Archives of Hungary. 1527. DL 58318. Retrieved July 19, 2023 – via Hungaricana.
- ^ "the Streets, through which the King is to go, being Boarded and covered with White, Green, and Red Cloth" "Of the Ceremonies observed in the Coronations of the Kings and Queens of Hungary", The Present State of Hungary (1687). United Kingdom: (n.p.). at Google Books
- ^ The Weakening of Absolutism: The War in Italy and the Hungarian Émigrés.
- ^ Halasz, Ivan; Schweitzer, Gabor (16 March 2011). "National and State Symbols in the Hungarian Legal System (Excerpts)" (PDF). Legal Compass: 3.
- ^ "The Fundamental Law of Hungary" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-06-29. Retrieved 2016-08-07.
- ^ Magyarország Alaptörvénye
- ^ "The Constitution of the Hungarian Republic". Archived from the original on 2006-02-09. Retrieved 2011-05-26.
- ^ a b Law 1995/LXXXIII
- ^ Law 2000/XXXVIII
- ^ Volker Preuß. "Flagge Ungarns" (in German). Retrieved 2002-12-10.
- ^ "Megújult a nemzeti zászlóra és lobogóra vonatkozó nemzeti szabvány" (PDF) (in Hungarian). 2020-06-18. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-03-20. Retrieved 2020-06-18.
- ^ a b "PANTONE 18-1660 TCX Tomato". Archived from the original on 2021-07-24. Retrieved 2020-06-18.
- ^ a b "PANTONE 18-6320 TCX Fairway". Archived from the original on 2021-09-18. Retrieved 2020-06-18.
- ^ a b c Horváth, Zoltán (1995). A zászlók kialakulása és fejlődése a kezdetektől napjainkig [The formation and development of flags from the beginning to the present day] (in Hungarian). Budapest: Zászlókutató Intézet. pp. 13–14.
- ^ ISBN 978-963-09-6494-4.
- ^ "Árpád-házi királyi zászló a 12. sz. végétől". Magyar Nemzeti és Történelmi Jelképek (in Hungarian). Archived from the original on 7 April 2022. Retrieved 15 March 2019.
- ^ "Az Árpád-házi királyok családi zászlaja". Magyar Nemzeti és Történelmi Jelképek (in Hungarian). Archived from the original on 19 May 2022. Retrieved 15 March 2019.
- ISBN 978-963-09-6494-4.
- ^ Miniature[page needed] in Chronicon Pictum (c. 1370).
- ^ "Anjou-királyi zászló". Magyar Nemzeti és Történelmi Jelképek (in Hungarian). Retrieved 15 March 2019.
- ^ "Anjou Kings Flag (1301-1382)". Flags of the World. Retrieved 15 March 2019.
- ISBN 978-963-278-194-5.
- ISBN 978-963-278-194-5.
- ^ ISBN 978-963-278-194-5.
- ^ Horváth, Zoltán (1995). A zászlók kialakulása és fejlődése a kezdetektől napjainkig (in Hungarian). Budapest: Zászlókutató Intézet. p. 14.
- ISBN 978-963-278-194-5.
- ISBN 978-963-09-6494-4.
- ^ "Rákóczi fejedelem zászlaja". Magyar Nemzeti és Történelmi Jelképek (in Hungarian). Retrieved 15 March 2019.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to National flag of Hungary.- Hungary at Flags of the World
- Flag of Hungary at www.rbvex.it
- 2011 CCII law (on the use of Hungary's coat of arms and flag, as well as awards) from njt.hu