Hungarian art
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Hungarian art stems from the period of the conquest of the
Horsemen in the Carpathian basin
Before the arrival of Árpád several other peoples from the steppe had founded states in the Carpathian basin. The capital of the Huns (Xiongnu in Chinese) was
Art of the Conquest period
The People of Árpád in the 9th century used ornamental motifs to decorate both their dress and the trappings of their horses, the main motif being the palmette (see the above illustration). This style remained important in Hungary from the 9th to the 11th centuries, and similar motifs can be found in the contemporary decorative arts of the Caucasus, Iran and Middle-Asia.
Arts in the Romanesque age
Descendants of Prince Árpád organized the medieval Hungarian Kingdom. During this period the combination of styles originating in the steppes with those of the European Romanesque produced a rich heritage, with noticeable parallels in the art of the Scandinavian Vikings and the Celts of Western Europe. The coronation mantle of King Stephen (crowned 1000 A. D.) is a particularly fine example from this period.
This king stated that "10 villages should build a church", and though several of his foundations were later famous in new guises, they all date back to the lex Stephani (law of King Stephen).
Church architecture and sculpture
In spite of widespread destruction during the Turkish occupation (c 1526–1686, and see below), Romanesque churches and other ecclesiastical buildings can be found throughout the Carpathian basin. Fine examples survive at
Sculptural works from the Romanesque age are often fragmentary. A 12th-century Maiestas Domini relief, the Tabán Christ, is an important example of the influence of Italian and French art in the Kingdom of Hungary.
Large-scale reconstructions were undertaken after the Mongolian wars of 1241–42. Many village churches survive from this periods, both round churches (Szalonna, Kallósd and Nagytótlak), and those with western tower and southern doorway at Nagybörzsöny, Csempeszkopács, Őriszentpéter, Magyarszecsőd, Litér, Velemér and Zalaháshágy.
Gothic art
The Gothic style reached Hungary in the late 14th century, and continued throughout the reigns of the Anjou, Luxembourg, and Jagello kings. Wealthy mining towns have built them on their main square like as at such as
The most renowned architect of this time was János Mester, a
Sculptures and paintings
The rich heritage of paintings in Hungary originated with the royal houses of Luxemburg and Anjou, that both esteemed the earlier king Ladislaus I. (Both Sigismund of Luxemburg, King of Hungary and Holy Roman Emperor, and Louis The Great, King of Hungary and Poland were buried in the cathedral of Nagyvárad at the side of King Ladislaus.) Even today, after so many wars and so much destruction, there are about fifty churches where murals of the Saint Ladislaus legend can be found.
Renaissance
King
Reformation
During the same period as the Wars against the Turks and the beginning of the
Architecture of fortresses
The wars against the
Baroque reconstruction
After the expulsion of the Turks in 1686, the new ruling house of the
Neo-classicism
After the Age of Reform, in the early 19th century ancient Greek traditions were revived, with the consequent construction of such neo-Classical buildings as the Hungarian National Museum.
Secessionism or Jugendstil
One of the greatest architects of his age was Ödön Lechner, who planned the Museum of Trade Art, The Hungarian Geological Institute, the town hall of Kecskemét, and the Saint Ladislaus Church at Kőbánya, Budapest. Sometimes he is called the Hungarian Gaudí.
See also
References
Further reading
- [Dercsényi D., Zádor A. (1980): Kis magyar művészettörténet (A honfoglalás korától a XIX. század végéig). Little Hungarian Art History. (Képzőművészeti Alap Kiadóvállalata, Budapest]
- [Szentkirályi Z. Détshy M. (1986): The Short history of Architecture. I-II. Műszaki, Budapest]
- [Radocsai Dénes: Magyarországi reneszánsz művészet. The Hungarian Renaissance Art. Képzőművészeti Alap Kiadóvállalata, Budapest]
- [Aradi N. (főszerk.) (Ész. N.): A művészet története Magyarországon. The History of Art in Hungary, Gondolat, Budapest]
- [Fülep L. (főszerk.) (Ész. N.): A magyarországi művészet története. The History of Art in Hungary, Budapest]
- [Gerevich T. (1938): Magyarország románkori emlékei. Romanesque art heritage of Hungary. Királyi Magyar Egyetemi Nyomda, Budapest]
- [Henszlmann I. (1876): Magyarország ó-keresztyén, román és átmeneti stylü mű-emlékeinek rövid ismertetése. Királyi Magyar Egyetemi Nyomda, Budapest]
- [Marosi E. (1972): A román kor művészete. The Art of the Romanesque Age. Corvina Kiadó, Budapest]
- [László Gy. (1974): A népvándorláskor művészete Magyarországon. The art of the great migration times in Hungary. Corvina, Budapest]
- [Huszka J. (1930): A magyar turáni ornamentika története. The History of the Hungarian Turanian Ornamental Art. Pátria, Budapest]
- [Bakay K. (1997, 1998): Őstörténetünk régészeti forrásai. Sources of our ancient history. I. II. Miskolc]
- [Tombor I. (1968): Magyarországi festett famennyezetek és rokonemlékek a XV-XIX. századból. Painted wood ceiling and related heritage from Hungary, in the 15th-19th Centuries. Akadémiai, Budapest]
- [Domanovszky Gy. (1981): A magyar nép díszítőművészete I-II. The Ornamental Art of the Hungarian People. Akadémiai, Budapest]
- [Bérczi Sz. (1987): Szimmetriajegyek a honfoglalás kori palmettás és az avar kori griffes-indás díszítőművészetben. Cumania. 10. Symmetry in Ornamental Art of the Palmette art of Conquesting Hungarians and the Griffin-and-Tendrill art of the Avar-Onogurians. (Bács-Kiskun Megyei Múzeumi Évkönyv), 9-60. old.]
- [László, Gy. (1943): A Kolozsvári testvérek Szent György lovas-szobrának lószerszáma. The Horse Mount of the Statue of St. George Made by the Kolozsvári Brothers. Egyetemi Nyomda, Kolozsvár]
- [László, Gy. (1943b): Der Grabfund von Koroncó und der altungarische Sattel. Archaeologia Hungarica, XXVII. Budapest]
- [Gombrich, E (1986): A művészet története, The History of Arts. Gondolat Kiadó, Budapest]
- [Fodor I. (1996): A honfoglaló magyarság. The Conquesting Hungarians. Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum, Budapest]
- [Gerő L. (szerk.) (1975): Várépítészetünk. Architecture of tour fortresses and castles. Műszaki, Budapest]
- [Gervers-Molnár V. (1972): A középkori Magyarország rotundái. Rotundas in the Medieval Hungary. Akadémiai, Budapest]
- [Lükő G. (1942): A magyar lélek formái. The forms of the Hungarian Soul. Exodus, Budapest]
- [Ortutay Gy. (főszerk.) (1977–1982): Magyar Néprajzi Lexikon. Encyclopedia of the Hungarian Ethnography. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest]
- [Szőnyi O. (É.n.): Régi magyar templomok. Alte Ungarische Kirchen. Anciennes églises Hongroises. Hungarian Churches of Yore. A Műemlékek Országos Bizottsága. Mirályi Magyar Egyetemi Nyomda, Budapest. ]
- [Zolnay L. (1977): Kincses Magyarország. The Treasuries of Hungary. Magvető, Budapest]
External links
- "Művészettörténet - 12.hét - A magyarországi romanika". Sulinet.hu. Retrieved 8 October 2017.
- "Művészettörténet - 15.hét - A reneszánsz művészete". Sulinet.hu. Retrieved 8 October 2017.
- "Művészettörténet - 17.hét - A magyarországi reneszánsz művészete". Sulinet.hu. Retrieved 8 October 2017.
- "FUNZINE - See you there!". Funzine.hu. Retrieved 8 October 2017.